Explaining the influential parameters in achieving spatial justice in the design of contemporary residential complexes in Iran

Residential complexes, as the main unit shaping the urban fabric and the semi-public and private spaces of daily life, play a pivotal role in reproducing or reducing spatial inequalities. The aim of this research is to examine the factors (economic, physical, socio-cultural, and environmental) in realizing spatial justice in contemporary Iranian residential complexes. The present study is applied-descriptive in nature and survey in terms of data collection method. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed among residents of selected residential complexes. Data analysis was performed using inferential statistics, correlation tests (Pearson, D. Somers), and multiple regression analysis to determine the causal relationships and the strength of the effect of each variable on spatial justice.The results of statistical tests indicated that all four main hypotheses were confirmed; meaning that all the factors examined (economic, physical, socio-cultural and environmental) have a positive and significant relationship with the realization of spatial justice. In the hierarchy of importance, physical factors (De-Sommers coefficient 0.967) showed the strongest effect in shaping spatial justice.After that, economic factors (coefficient 0.666), socio-cultural factors (coefficient 0.622), and finally environmental factors (coefficient 0.598) were ranked in order of importance. Achieving spatial justice in Iranian residential complexes requires a comprehensive and multidimensional approach in which physical design, as the main platform, is supported by economic structures, strengthened social networks, and a commitment to environmental quality.