تحلیل‌فضایی ‌دسترسی ‌گروه های‌ فقیر ‌به ‌خدمات شهری ( مورد: شهر ارومیه)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه مطالعات محیطی، پژوهشکده تحقیق و توسعه علوم انسانی (سمت)، تهران، ایران
2 هیات علمی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
چکیده
نارضایتی از شرایط زندگی و بسیاری از مسائل مرتبط با آن را می‌توان در ناتوانی شهر در تأمین نیازهای اولیۀ ساکنانش جست‌وجو کرد. یکی از مؤلفه‌های اساسی رفاه مردم، امکان‌پذیری دسترسی شهروندان به خدمات شهری در مقیاس محله است. در این پژوهش تلاش شده است که میزان دسترسی گروه‌های اجتماعی ـ اقتصادی مختلف نسبت‌به خدمات شهری شناسایی شود. مسئلۀ تحقیق بر این موضوع تأکید دارد که آیا منابع خدمات شهری به‌طور عادلانه در میان گروه‌های اجتماعی ـ اقتصادی مختلف توزیع شده است؟ این موضوع به‌ویژه برای کشورهای در حال توسعه با شهرنشینی سریع مانند ایران که در آن نابرابری دسترسی به خدمات شهری در حال رشد است، مرتبط است. این پژوهش بررسی می‌کند که آیا و تا چه حد توزیع خدمات شهری عادلانه است؟ در این راستا، روش‌های مختلفی برای تحلیل هم‌بستگی دسترسی به خدمات و فقر شهری و تهیۀ اطلاعات مکانی مورد نیاز برای تصمیم‌گیری بهتر آمیخته شده است. برای ترسیم فقر شهری از 24 شاخص اجتماعی، اقتصادی و کالبدی در سطح بلوک‌های آماری استفاده شده است. همچنین برای ترسیم دسترسی به خدمات شهری از ظرفیت خدمات شهری (فضاهای سبز، آموزشی، مذهبی، درمانی و ورزشی)، تراکم جمعیت، فاصله از خدمات و هم‌پوشانی نواحی خدمات شهری استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان‌دهندۀ هم‌بستگی منفی بین دسترسی به خدمات و فقر شهری در شهر ارومیه است. بیشترین هم‌بستگی مربوط به خدمات آموزشی با مقدار 231/0- است که با افزایش فقر مناطق از میزان دسترسی به خدمات آموزشی کاسته می‌شود. این وضعیت با اهداف توسعۀ پایدار و دسترسی عادلانه به خدمات شهری سازگار نیست. در این مقاله مناطقی از شهر که نیاز به توجه دارند بر روی نقشه مشخص شده است که در برنامه‌ریزی و توسعۀ آتی شهر مفید خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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