Investigating the design indicators of the route and urban tram stations in the historical and cultural context of Tabriz

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
M. R. Ezzati Mehr
A. Molaei
Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Iran.
Abstract
Thinkers have suggested the enhancement of public transportation as an effective solution to mitigate transportation-related issues. The tram system is widely regarded as a favorable choice for urban transportation because of its minimal space requirements, low noise generation, and great adaptability. In the context of future urban development in Tabriz, the tram system emerges as a viable solution for improving intra-city transportation. The primary objective of the ongoing study is to evaluate the metrics related to urban tourism and architectural layout in the development of urban tram systems. The research methodology employed aligns with the quantitative nature of the research purpose. Through the conducted research, key indicators concerning the layout of urban tram lines and stations were identified. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of the gathered data was carried out utilizing Friedman and Kendall tests in the SPSS software, based on responses obtained from experts in academic and traffic management fields. The results obtained highlight that the element of accessibility, receiving the highest rating, emerges as the most crucial aspect, while fairness and inclusivity, scoring lowest, are identified as the least significant factors in formulating the design indicators for urban tram routes and stations. The indicators of connection and continuity, ease of access, fairness and inclusiveness, efficiency and responsiveness, and sustainable transportation are among the design indicators of tram routes and stations, which are important in all urban contexts. Considering the characteristics of the historical context, the indicators of identity and sustainable tourism are also important in the design of tram routes and stations, along with the mentioned indicators. For this purpose, solutions were proposed in order to realize the presented indicators.

Keywords

Subjects

Ahour, A., Mousavi, S. and Mousavi, S. (2014). Investigating the role of cable transportation as a means of urban public transportation in reducing traffic in big cities. Environmental Studies Quarterly, 26(7), 121-150. https://www.sid.ir/paper/130709/fa
• Alpkokin, P.; Kiremitci, S.T.; Black, J.A.; Cetinavci, S. (2016). LRT and street tram policies and implementation in Turkish cities. J. Transp. Geogr, 54, 476–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.206
• Arifin, W. N., and Malaysia, S. (2018). Calculating the Cronbach’s AlphaCoefficients for Measurement Scales With “Not Applicable” Option. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.711873
• Asghari, M. and Kalantari, M. (2011). Tabriz Tourism (Opportunities, Challenges and Development Strategies), Zanjan: Azarkalk Publications.
• Azadi, A. (2010). development of urban tourism; Relying on Tehran city center and urban management approach. Tehran: Tisa Publications.
• Azimi Hashemi, M., and Asghari, H. (2013). Iranian tourism in the mirror of researches published in scientific research journals (problems, methods and achievements). International conference on the strategic development of tourism in the Islamic Republic of Iran, challenges and prospects.
• Bahraini, h. (2013). Urban design process, Tehran: Tehran University Press.
• Bahrami, B., Khaliqpanah, K. and Akbari, A. (2012). Improving the quality of the street space by strengthening walking and sociability of users; Case example: Kashikari street and garage in Kermanshah, the first international conference and the fourth national urban civil engineering conference.
• Bentley, E. (2018). Responsive environments: design manual, translated by: Mostafa, Behzadfar, Tehran: Iran University of Science and Technology Publications.
• Brizon.L.C, Borges.M.S & Orrico.R.D.(2018). Socioeconomic analysis for high-capacity transportation – the case of curitiba’s subway. Revista Produção Desenvolvimento, 4(2), 42-59. https://doi.org/10.32358/rpd.2018.v4.253
• Carmona, M (2003). Public space urban space, Architectural Press.
• DETR (Department of the Environment, Transport and Regions). (2000) By Design, Urban design in the planning system: towards better practice, CABE.
• Fang, Y.; Zeng, A.Z. (2015). Long-term collaboration mechanism for Disruption Recovery Service in public tram systems. Procedia Comput. Sci. 2015, 60, 1337–1346. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.206
• Ghaji, H. (2015). Locating intersection stations (tram) for Gorgan municipal square using analysis hierarchy method (AHP) and geographic information system (GIS). Master's thesis in urban design. Faculty of Engineering, Azad University, Shahrood branch.
• Golkar, K. (1380). Components of urban design quality. Safa, 11(32), 38-65. https://www.sid.ir/paper/94234/fa
• Guderzi, M., Firuzi, M., Saidi, Omid. (2019). Analysis of land use barriers for the development of public transportation in Ahvaz metropolis. Space Planning and Design (Humanities Teacher), 24(2), 1-42. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.16059689.1399.24.2.1.1
• Guerrieri. M. Tramways in Urban Areas: An Overview on Safety at Road Intersections. Urban Rail Transit, 4(9), 223-233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40864-018-0093-5.
• Haddadhassanabadi, M., and Shorabi, R. (2014). Investigating the evolution of urban shopping centers; A reflection on the essential change of the concepts of purchase and consumption and its reflection in the physical space. International research conference in science and technology.
• Hijazi, S. and Uruk, A. (2013). Methods of choosing appropriate rail systems (monorail, light urban train, subway and tram). The 15th conference of civil engineering students across the country of Urmia University.
• Khelf, M.; Boukebbab, S. (2018). The effect of noise on the comfort of passengers inside the tramway and its impact on traffic congestion in the urban area. J. Vibroengineering, 20, 530–540. http://doi.org/10.21595/jve.2017.18196
• Konig,H & Heipp, G.(2010). The modern tram in Europe, MGV.
• Madanipour, AD (1379). Designing urban space with an attitude towards social-spatial process, translated by: Farhad Mortezaei, Tehran: Publishing Company of Prazaze and Planning.
• Montazeri, M. and Edvari, M. (1385). Investigating the traffic components of urban transportation. The 8th Rail Transportation Conference.
• Moulai, Asghar. (1401). Analyzing the place of urban design qualities in the design of metro stations with an emphasis on local models (case example: Imam Khomeini, Haft Tir and Elginlab Metro stations). Spatial Planning, 12(1), 121-148. https://doi.org/10.22108/sppl.2022.125264.1539
• Navarro. L.M, Fernandez-Cardador. A & Cucala. A.P. (2021). Design of indicators to guide capacity improvements in urban railway lines. Journal of Urban Mobility, (1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urbmob.2021.100003.
• Ostadi Jafari, M. and Rasafi, A. (2012). Evaluation of sustainable development policies in the urban transportation sector using dynamic system models; Case study: Mashhad city. Urban and Rural Management, 12(31), 281-294. https://www.sid.ir/paper/92076/fa
• Pakzad, J. (1381). The quality of the urban environment, the pending demand of the citizens. Urban Management Quarterly, 3(9), 6-15. https://www.sid.ir/paper/502901/fa
• Pakzad, J. (1382). Qualitative measures of space measurement. Abadi Magazine, 13(39), 94-100. https://noandishaan.com/
• Pakzad, J. (1384). Theoretical foundations and process of urban design, Tehran: Shahidi Publications.
• Papli-Yazdi, M. and Soqaei, M. (2013). Tourism (nature and concepts). Tehran: Samit Publications.
• Rafiyan, M. Razavi, H. (2009). Improving the quality of the urban environment by using a design-oriented planning approach: (city theater and surrounding area). Planning and preparation of space, 14 (2),269-287. http://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article-21-1226-fa.html.
• Rahnama, M., Furqani, H. (2007). Bus access planning in Iran: Mashhad city. Planning and preparation of space. 12 (1): 73-96. http://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article-21-324-fa.html.
• Saberifar R. (2018). Prioritizing the Needs and Expectations of Urban Tourists (Case Study, Mashhad City). MJSP; 22 (2) ,75-93. http://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article-21-13749-fa.html.
• Sener.I & Lee. R. Active Travel Behavior in a Border Region of Texas and New Mexico: Motivators, Deterrents and Characteristics. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 14(8), 1-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0503.
• Solecka, K.; Kici ´nski, M. (2022). A multi-criteria evaluation of applications supporting Public Transport Users. Energies 2022, 15, 3493. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103493
• Tavasli, M. (2014). Urban space design rules and criteria, Tehran: University of Tehran Publications Institute.
• Tavasli, M. and Fanadi, N. (2014). The design of urban space and their place in the life and appearance of the city, Tehran: Iran Urban Planning and Architecture Studies and Research Center.
• Tibalds, F. (2015). People-friendly urbanization: improving the public environment in big and small cities, translated by Hasan Ali Laqaei and Firouze Jadali, Tehran: Tehran University Press.
• Yaqubzadeh, Rahim. (2012). Typology of tourism: providing a framework for the classification of types of tourism, Tehran: Sociologists.
• Zochowska, R.; Kłos, M.; Socz ˙ ówka, P. (2021). The analysis of traffic safety on the intersections of roadways and tram tracks. Roads Bridges, 20, 41–56. http://doi.org/10.7409/rabdim.021.003
• Zuker. P. (1959). Town and square: from the agora to the village green, New York: Columbia University Press. [Original source: https://studycrumb.com/alphabetizer]
The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics
Volume 27, Issue 4
December 2023
Pages 72-102