Compilation of effective strategies on environmental security in Torbat Jam city with scenario planning approach

Document Type : Qualitative Research

Authors
M. kaviani rad 1
Z. aftabi 2
S. movafegh 3
1 Associate Professor of Khwarazmi University
2 PhD. student of Political Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi, University, Tehran, Iran.
3 kharazmi university
10.2022/hsmsp.27.1.4
Abstract
The social and political consequences of environmental degradation have placed the environment at the center of debated in the 21st century. In such a way that ecological insecurity and the destruction of biosphere resources as part of non-traditional threats have been firmly linked with the search for human security. The city of Torbat Jam has been encountering with environmental issues for the past few decades. This article explains the possible scenarios for the environment of this city. The methodology governing the research is descriptive-analytical in nature. The required inputs have been collected by library and field studies and analyzed using Micmac and Scenario Wizard software and FARAS model. The results showed that out of 16 possible situations related to four scenarios with strong compatibility, the situations that express the future relations of the environment of Torbat Jam negatively (on the verge of crisis) are the most possible ones. On this basis, the sustainable management strategy of current and future environmental resource allocation in the situation on the verge of crisis and the strategy of adjusting the current laws and views towards the environment and environmental foundations at the country level and in accordance with it at the level of the city of Torbat Jam in the critical situation, the most appropriate strategies were identified.

Keywords

Subjects

جهاد کشاورزی استان خراسان رضوی.(1399). گزارش وضعیت کشاورزی استان خراسان رضوی، منتشر نشده، 250 صفحه.
جهانی شکیب، ف.، عرفانی، م.، یوسفی روبیات، ا.،( 1399). تبیین پیشران‌های موثر در مدیریت محیط زیست استان خراسان جنوبی با استفاده از تحلیل ساختاری، برنامه ریزی و آمایش فضا، 1، 27-109، 201001.1.1659689.1399.24.1.6. 4..
جهانی شکیب، ف.، عرفانی، م.،(1401). آینده نگاری وضعیت محیط زیست استان خراسان جنوبی با استفاده از مدل‌های SMIC و MORDHOL، فصلنامه برنامه‌ریزی و آمایش فضا، 3، 26-1، https://doi.10.2022/hsmsp.26.3.1.
حیدری، ا.، رهنما، م.ح.، اجزا شکوهی، م.، خوارزمی، ا.م.،( 1395). تحلیل تحولات فضای محیط زیست شهری در کلانشهر مشهد با استفاده از الگوی آینده پژوهی گام طبیعی، جغرافیا و پایداری محیط، 6، 19-1.
حیدری، م.ت.، احمدپور، ا.، تیلکوی بگه جان، ف.، حقی، ی.،( 1401). پایش چالش‌های موثر بر عملکرد تعاونی‌های مسکن در تولید مسکن شهری با رویکرد آینده پژوهی ، برنامه ریزی و آمایش فضا، 1، 141-172، https://doi.org/10.50541/HSMS.26.1.139 .
زینالی عظیم، ع.، حاتمی گلزاری، ا.، کرمی، ا.، بابازاده اسکویی، ا.،(1400). سنجش پایداری محیطی شهر تبریز بر اساس شاخص‌های زیست محیطی رشد هوشمند شهری، پایداری، توسعه و محیط زیست،2، 59-41، .20.1001.1.24233846.14000.2.3.3.8.
طاهری، ا.، احمدی پور، ز.، حافظ نیا، م.،(1401). تحلیل ابعاد زیست محیطی برنامه‌های توسعه نظام جمهوری اسلامی ایران با استفاده از نظریه داده بنیاد ، برنامه‌ریزی و آمایش فضا، 3، 23-46، http://doi.10.2022/hsm sp. 26.3.2.
فرمانداری شهرستان تربت جام.(1400). گزارش شماره 11، منتشر نشده ، 180 صفحه.
کاویانی راد، م.،( 1389). تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی و بحران های بوم شناسی ایران، فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی، 2، 33-58.
کاویانی راد، م.،(1397)، امنیت زیست محیطی ایران، تهران، پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی.
کاویانی راد، م.،(1399). نسبت ژئوپلیتیکی امنیت زیست محیطی و توسعه پایدار: مطالعه موردی دریاچه ارومیه، فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی،1، 115-147.
مرادی، ا.ر.، کلاهی، م.،(1399). روستا زیستی پایدار در حوضه آبخیز بخش موسی آباد شهرستان تربت جام، فصلنامه علوم محیطی، 18، 202-183،. Doi: https://doi. Org/10.52547/enrs.18.4.183.
مرتضوی، م.، شهریاری، ط.، باریک بین، ب.،(1398). ارزیابی ایمنی مدیریت و تامین توزیع آب آشامیدنی شهر تربت جام با استفاده از نرم افزار تضمین کیفیت برنامه ایمنی آب، فصلنامه پژوهش در بهداشت محیط، 3، 238-230، https://doi.org/10.22038/jreh.2019.41239.1313.
مرکز آمار ایران.(1395). سرشمارس عمومی نفوس و مسکن، . https://amar.org.ir

Adams, R., (2006). international remittances and household: analysis and review of global evidence, J Afr, 15, 396-42, https://doi.org/10.1093/jafeco/ejl028.
Adger, W. N., (2000). Social and ecological resilience: Are they related, Progress in Human Geography, 24,347–364, https://doi.org/10.1191/030913200701540465.
Agricultural Jihad of Razavi Khorasan province., (2019). report on the agricultural situation of Khorasan Razavi province, unpublished, 250 pp. (In Persian).
Barnett, J., (2001). The Meaning of Environmental Security Ecological politics and policy in the new security era, USA, London: Zed book.
Barnett, J., Adger, W. N.,( 2007).climate change, human security and violent conflict, political geography, 26, 639-655, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.03.003.
Barnett, v., (1999). ranked set sample design for environmental investigations, environmental and ecological statistics, 6, 59-74.
Bates, D., (2002). environmental refugees? Classifying human migrations caused by environmental change; popul environ, 23, 465-477. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015186001919.
Benzie, M., Hedlund, J., Carlsen, H., (2016). Introducing the Transnational Climate Impacts Index: Indicators of Country-Level Exposure—Methodology Report, 1 st edition, Conada, Toronto: university of York.
Booth, k., (1991). security and emancipation”, review of international studies, 17, 313-326. https://do.org/10.1017/s0260210500112033,
Buzan, B., (2007). people, state and fear, 2nd edition, England, oxford: Harvester wheatsheaf.
Dalby, s., (2002). security and ecology in the age of globalization: environmental change and security project report, 8, 95-108.
Dalby, s., (2012). afterword Eco violence security geopolitics, natural resources and social conflict, 4, 224- 230, DOI: 10.1057/9781137002464_12.
Dalby, S., (2015). Anthropocene Formations: Environmental Security”, Geopolitics and Disaster. Theory, Culture & Society, 34, 237–243, https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276415598629.
Dalby, s., (2017). Anthropocene formations: environmental security geopolitics and disaster, geosocial formations and the Anthropocene, 34, 233-252, https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276415598.
De Grenade, R., House-Peters, L., Scott, C., Thapa, B., Mills-Novoa, M., Gerlak, A., Verbist, K, (2016). The nexus: reconsidering environmental security and adaptive capacity Current Opinion, Environmental Sustainability, 21, 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2016.10.009.
Deudney, D., (1990). “The case against linking environmental degradation and national security, Millennium: journal of international studies, 19, 461–476, https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298900190031001.
Ebadi, A., Toughani, M., Najafi, A., Babaee, M., (2020). a brief overview on current environmental issues in Iran, central Asian journal of environmental science and technology innovation, 1, 1-11.
Floy, R., (2008). the environmental security debate and its significance for climate change, international spectator, 43, 51-65, https://doi.org/10.1080/03932720802280602.
Floyd, R., Matthew, R.., (2013). Environmental Security: Approaches and Issues, 1 st edition, London: Routledge.
Governorate of Torbat Jam., (1400). Report No. 11, unpublished, 180 pages. (In persian).
Haigh, S. P., (2016). Future states from international to global political order, 1 st edition, USA, London: Routledge.
Hakala, E., Lande, V., majava, A., Toivanen, T., vaden., T., jarrensiru, P., (2019). Northern Warning Lights: Ambiguities of Environmental Security in Finland and Swed”, sustainability, 11,1-12, https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082228.
Hatami, A., Asadzadeh, H., Jafari, F., (2022). Urban smart sustainability in Tehran: LIPSOR approach for transformation, soil in urban ecosystem, 173, 257-283, Doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-8914-7-12.
Heydari, A., Rahnama, M. R, Azha Shekohi, M., Kharazmi, O. A., (2015). Analysis of Urban Environmental Space Developments in Mashhad Metropolis Using Natural Step Futuristic Model, Geography and Sustainability OF Environmental, 1, 19-16, 2015, https://doi.org/10.50541/HSMS.26.1.139 . (In Persian).
Heydari, M.T., Ahmad poor, A., Tilkui beghejan, F., Haghi,y., (2020). monitoring the effective challenges on the performance of housing cooperatives in the preduction of urban housig with afutures research approach”, the journal of spatial planning, 26, 141-172, https://doi.org/10.50541/HSMS.26.1.139.( in Persian).
Hosseini, V., Shahbazi, H., (2016). Urban Air Pollution in Iran. Iranian Studies, 49, 1029–1046, DOI:10.1080/00210862.2016.1241587.
https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2022/component/epi.
Iran statistic's Center. (2015). General census of population and housing, https://amar.org.ir.( In persian).
Jahanishakib, F., Erfani, M., Yusefi rubiat, E., (2020). explanation of effective drivers' environmental management of south Khorasan province using structural, the journal of spatial planning, 24(1), 109-127, 201001.1.1659689.1399.24.1.6.4.(in Persian).
Jahanishakib,F., Erfani,M., (2022). forecasting the stutus of the environmental using SMIC and MOROHOL models in south Khorasan province, the journal of spatial planning, 26, 1-22, https://doi.10.2022/hsmsp.26.3.1. (In Persian).
Kaviani Rad, M., (2010). The spatial analysis of environmental risks and ecological crises in iran,strategis studies, 13, 33-58.( in Persian)
Kaviani Rad, M., (2011). the relationship between geopolitical security and sustainable development the case of uremia lake, strategies studies,14,115-147. (In Persian).
Kaviani Rad, M., (2017). Environmental Security of Iran, Tehran, Strategic Studies Research Institute. (in persian).
Kenny, M., (2002). Drought, clientelism, falism and fear in northeast brazil, ethics place environs, 5, 123-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/1366879022000020194.
Koff, H., (2016). Reconciling competing globalizations through regionalisms? Environmental security in the framework of expanding security norms and narrowing security policies”, Globalizations, 13, 664–682, https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2015.1133044.
Lashkairpour, G. R., Ghafoor, M, (2011). the effects of water table decline on the ground water quality in aquifer of Torbat jam plain northeast Iran, int.j.emerg.sci, 1, 153-163.
Mohammadiha, A., Malakooti, H., Esfahanian, V., (2018). Development of reduction scenarios for criteria air pollutants emission in Tehran Traffic Sector, Iran. Sci. Total Environ. 622–623, 17–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.312
Moradi,A ., Kolahi, M., ( 2020). Sustainable rurality in the mousa abad watershed of Torbat jam country, Environmental sciences, 18, 183-202. (In pearsian).
Mortazavi, M., Shahryari, T., Fanaei,F ., Barikbin, B, safety assessment of supply and distribution management of drinking water in torbat jam using WSP.QA tool software, journal of research in environmental health, 5(3), 238-230, 2019.( in persian).
Oels, A., (2013)., Rendering climate change governable by risk: From probability to contingency, Geoforum 45, 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2015.1133044.
Salehi, S, Chizari, M., Sadighi, H., Bijani, M., (2018). Assessment of agricultural ground water users in iran: a cultural environmental basin, hydrogeology journal, 26, 285-295, DOI:10.1007/s0040-017-16349.
Schilling, J., Nash, S. L., Ide, T., Scheffran, J., Froese, R., Prondzinski, v. P., (2017). Resilience and environmental security: towards joint application in peacebuilding”, Global Change, Peace & Security, 29, 107–127.
Shahabadi, A., Samari, H., Nemati, M., (2017). Factors affecting environmental performance index (EPI) inselected of EC countries, Iranian. Economic review, 21, 457-467, 10.22059/IER.2017.62925.
Swatuk, L.A., (2014). Environmental security”, new journal series, 106, 211-244, doi: 10.1057/9781137338976.
Taheri, A., Ahmadi poor, Z., Hafeznia, M, R.., (2022). Analysis the environmental dimensions of the development plans of Islamic republic of Iran using grounded theory, the journal of spatial planning, 26(3), 23-46, http://doi.10.2022/hsm sp. 26.3.2.(in Persian).
Tavakol, M., Arjmandi, R., Shayeghi, M., Monavari, S.M., Karbassi, A., (2017). Developing an environmental water quality monitoring program for Haraz River in Northern Iran. Environ. Monit. Assess. 189, 410-426, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6125.
Warner, K., Hamza, M., Smith, o. A., Renaud, F., Julca, A., (200). Climate change, environmental degradation and migration”, advertisement, 55, 689–715.
Yousefi, H., Haghizadeh, A., Yarahmadi, Y., Hasanpour, P., Noormohamadi, P., (2018). Groundwater pollution potential evaluation in Khorramabad-Lorestan Plain, western Iran. J. African Earth Sci. 147(1), 647–656, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2018.07.017
Yousefi, M., Kafash, A., Valizadegan, N., Ilanloo, S.S., Rajabizadeh, M., Malekoutikhah, S., Yousefkhani, S.S.H., Ashrafi, S., (2019). Climate Change is a Major Problem for Biodiversity Conservation: A Systematic Review of Recent Studies in Iran. Contemp. Probl. Ecol. 12, 394–403, https://doi.org/10.1134/S199542551904012.
Zapolskis, M, (2012). The Concept of Environmental Security in International Relations: Definition, Features, Implications, Politologija. 65, At: https://www.journals.vu.lt/politologija/article/view/1526.
Zaynali, A., (2021). Hatami golzari, E., Karami, I., Babazadeh ouskoui, S., (2021). measuring the environmental sustainability of abriz city based on environmental indicators of smart urban growth,” sustainability, develop meant & environment, 2, 41-59, 20.1001.1.24233846.14000.2.3.3.8.(in Persian).
The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics
Volume 27, Issue 1
May 2023
Pages 103-131