پیامدهای منفی توسعه گردشگری شهری در منطقه 22 تهران از دیدگاه شهروندان و کارشناسان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد چالوس
2 استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد چالوس
چکیده
در بیشتر نقاط جهان، بر توسعه‌ی صنعت گردشگری و برجسته کردن اثرات مثبت آن در جوامع بشری تأکید شده است؛ درحالی که به بروز آسیب‌ها و پیامدهای منفی توسعه‌ی ناموزون گردشگری در جامعه و محیط زندگی افراد کمتر توجه شده است. در این پژوهش، آسیب­ها و پیامدهای منفی توسعه‌ی گردشگری ناموزون شهری در منطقه‌ی 22 تهران، از دیدگاه شهروندان و کارشناسان بررسی شده است. پژوهش حاضر ازنوع توصیفی- تحلیلی و جامعه‌‌ی آماری آن شامل شهروندان منطقه‌ی 22 تهران و کارشناسان خبره‌ی شهرداری در منطقه‌ی موردمطالعه است. 385 نفر از شهروندان منطقه‌ی موردمطالعه به‌عنوان نمونه­های موردمطالعه طبق فرمول کوکران انتخاب شدند و به‌طور تصادفی در تکمیل پرسشنامه‌ها مشارکت کردند. 45 نفر از کارشناسان نیز به‌طور غیرتصادفی و دردسترس در تحقیق حاضر شرکت کردند. به‌منظور اولویت­بندی گویه‌ها و شاخص­های آسیب، از میانگین رتبه­ای طیف­ لیکرت و برای اهداف تحلیلی این مطالعه و به‌منظور مقایسه‌ی میانگین آسیب­های گردشگری بین شهروندان و کارشناسان، از آزمون­ تی استیودنت مستقل استفاده شد. آنالیز داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS انجام شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که در شاخص­های فضایی- کالبدی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی- فرهنگی، بین شهروندان و کارشناسان تفاوت آماری معناداری وجود دارد و میزان آسیب در این شاخص­ها ازنظر شهروندان بیشتر بود؛ اما بین دیدگاه شهروندان و کارشناسان در شاخص زیست‌محیطی، تفاوت آماری معناداری یافت نشد. ازنظر کارشناسان، آسیب­های زیست‌محیطی توسعه‌ی گردشگری منطقه‌ی 22 مهم­تر بوده است؛ اما ازنظر شهروندان، آسیب‌های فضایی- کالبدی اهمیت بیشتری داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Adabi Mamaqani M., Khani F., Sojasi Qidari H. & Farrokhi Sis S. (2014). Evaluation of the impacts of culture-based tourism development in socio-cultural on rural destinations (case study: Kan district – Sulqan rural district), Journal of Spatial Planning, 4(2): 55-78. (In Persian)
Agharkakli A., Yahyazadefar M., Gandomfeshan D & Esamaeili Khanbebeyn N (2019). Study of factors affecting demand for domestic tourism in Golestan province. Tourism Planning and Development, 8(30): 177-196. (In Persian)
Akhavan-Ashrafieh P., Nouri Kermani A, & Parhizkar A. (2013). The Impact of Tourism Plans on Urban Tourism (Case Study: District 22 of Tehran City), M.Sc. thesis in Geography and Tourism Planning, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch. (In Persian)
Azimi Amoli J., & Ghanbari P. (2016). The Pathology of Tourism Development with the Approach of Land Use Planning (Case Study: the Coastal City of Sorkhrood), Quarterly of Geography (Regional Planning), 6(2): 161-183. (In Persian)
Butcher J. (2017). What Meaning for Sustainability? The Politics of ‘Good Development’, J. Policy Res. Tour. Leis. Events, 9, 216–218.
Chang K., Chien H., Cheng H., & Chen H.I. (2018). The Impacts of Tourism Development in Rural Indigenous Destinations: An Investigation of the Local Residents’ Perception Using Choice Modeling. Sustainability, 10(12), 4766.
Chiu-Hui, H., & Meen-Tsai, W. (2017). The influence of tourism dependency on tourism impact and development support attitude. Asian Journal of Business and Management, 5(02): 88-96.
Ciangă, N., & Sorocovschi, V. (2017). The impact of tourism activities. A point of view. Riscuri si Catastrofe, 20(1): 25-40.
Dwyer L., Edwards D. (2010). Sustainable Tourism Planning. In Understanding the Sustainable Development of Tourism; Liburd, J.J., Edwards, D., Eds.; Goodfellow Publishers: Woodeaton, UK; pp. 19–44.
Ebrahimi A. (1997). The effect of Tourism Industry on Economic, Environmental, Cultural and Social Variables of Iran, Proceedings of the First Conference of Tourism and Islamic Republic of Iran, Vol 1, Kish. (In Persian)
Enemuo O.B., & Oduntan O.C. (2012). Social impact of tourism development on host communities of Osun Oshogbo sacred grove. IOSR Journal of humanities and social science (JHSS) Vol 2, 30-35.
Fanni Z., Alizadeh Touli M., & Zahmatkesh Z. (2014). The Effects of Tourism on Urban Sustainable Development on the Base of Habitant's Views; Case Study: Qeshm Island, Tourism Management Studies, 9(28): 39-72. (In Persian)
Farajirad, Abdolreza; Aghajani, Somayeh. 2009. A New Analysis of Tourism and Its Newest Classification. Land Geographical Quarterly, 6 (23): 72-61.
Font X., Tapper R., & Cochrane J. (2006). Competitive Strategy in a Global Industry: Tourism, Handb. Bus. Strategy, 7, 51–55.
Golchinfar S., Khosravi M.J. & Karimi A.R. (2016). Evaluate the impact of tourism on economic stability and sustainable income in cities, with an emphasis on the Tehran municipality. Bulletin de la Société Royale de Liège, 85, 1653-1664.
Hajinejad A., Pourtaheri M., & Ahmadi A. (2010). People’s Participation and Rural Development in Solgi District of Nahavand County, Human Geography Research Quarterly, 42(70): 91-109. (In Persian)
Hashempour F., Lahmian R. & Barari M. (2012). Analyzing economical and environmental effects of urban tourism in viewpoint of citizens (case study: Babolsar town), Natural Ecosystems of Iran, 3(1): 49-63. (In Persian)
Hubbard, P. (2019). Enthusiasm, craft and authenticity on the High Street: micropubs as ‘community fixers’. Social & Cultural Geography, 20(6), 763-784.
Imani B., Masoumi D., Lotfi R. & Lotfi I. (2013). Environmental Impacts of Tourism on Sustainable Urban Development in Sarain, Third Conference on Environmental Planning and Management, Tehran University, Tehran. (In Persian)
Inskip E. (2016). Tourism Planning (Integrated and Sustainable Approach to Tourism Planning and Development), Translated by Hassanpour, M. & Daghestani S, Mahkameh Publications, Third Edition, Tehran, 455 p. (In Persian)
Jaafar M., Rasoolimanesh S.M., & Ismail S. (2017). Perceived sociocultural impacts of tourism and community participation: A case study of Langkawi Island, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 17(2), 123-134.
Joori A., Sarvar R., & Moniri J. (2015). Feasibility Study of Tourist Walking Routs in Downtowns (Case study; Zanjan Downtown), Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, 5(15): 155-176. (In Persian)
Jurabi A., & Rahmany B. (2014). Tourism development pathology of Nahavand, Geographical Journal of Tourism Space, 3(9): 18-34. (In Persian)
Kişi N. (2019). A Strategic Approach to Sustainable Tourism Development Using the A’WOT Hybrid Method: A Case Study of Zonguldak, Turkey, Sustainability, 11(4), 964.
Meshkini A, Behnammorshedi H, Barghamadi M. (2018). Analyzing and spatial classification of daily tourism route of Tehran province based on tourism services and facilities. MJSP, 22 (2): 95-132
Müller H. (1994). The Thorny Path to Sustainable Tourism Development, J. Sustain. Tour, 2, 131 -136.
Niedziolka I. (2012). Sustainable Tourism Development, Reg. Form. Dev. Stud. 8, 157–166.
Rahnemaei M.T. (2011). Urban Tourism, First Edition, Publications of Municipalities Organization, Tehran. 134 p. (In Persian)
Saberifar R. (2018). Prioritizing the Needs and Expectations of Urban Tourists (Case Study, Mashhad City). MJSP, 22 (2):75-93
Shahmoradi, S (2016). Analysis of the spatial effects of Zayandehrud Tourism Development Complex on Chadegan city, Master’s thesis, Geography and Ecotourism Department, Kashan University. (In Persian)
Shahzad, S. J. H., Shahbaz, M., Ferrer, R., & Kumar, R. R. (2017). Tourism-led growth hypothesis in the top ten tourist destinations: New evidence using the quantile-on-quantile approach. Tourism Management, 60, 223-232
Shaikhaleslami A.R., Karimi B., Eghbali R. (2010). An assessment of urban sustainable development in metropolitan area of Shiraz, Geographical Journal of Chashmandaz-E-Zagros, 1(2): 31-53. (In Persian)
Shokouhi M, Yazdanpanah M (2019). Effect of Empowerment on Residents Support for Tourism the Case of Kamardough Tourism Region. MJSP. 23 (1): 151-168. (In Persian)
Taghvaei M. & Akbari M. (2009). Introduction to Urban Tourism Planning and Management, Payam Alavi Publications, Isfahan. (In Persian)
Tayeb A. (2000). The Place of Cultural Considerations in Scientific Planning for Tourism Development, Journal of Political-Economic Information, vol 157-158. (In Persian)
UNEP/WTO. (2005). Making Tourism More Sustainable: A Guide for Policy Makers; United Nations Environment Program/World Tourism Organization: Paris, France; Madrid, Spain.
Wang, S., & Xu, H. (2015). Influence of place-based senses of distinctiveness, continuity, self-esteem and self-efficacy on residents attitudes toward tourism, Tourism Management, 47, 241-250.
Ye, S., Wu, J. S., & Zheng, C. J. (2019). Are tourists with higher expectation more sensitive to service performance? Evidence from urban tourism. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 12, 64-7.
Zargham H. (1997). Tourism Development Strategies in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Proceedings of the First Iranian Tourism Conference, Volume 1. Kish. (In Persian)
Ziari K., Besharati N., Shabani K. M (2018). Social and Cultural Consequences of Tourism Development (Case Study: Fouman-Masouleh Axis). Journal of Applied Studies in Social Sciences and sociology. 1(1): 31-41. (In Persian)