Ecological Capacity Modeling of Urban Development (Case Study: Boroujerd City Margin)

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
P. kooshki 1
H. R. Pourkhabbaz 2
S. Yousefi Khanghah 3
S. Javanmardi 4
1 MSc of Evaluation and land use planning, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology
2 Corresponding author, Assistant Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Range Management and Watershed, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology
4 Instructor of Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology
Abstract
Abstract

Introduction

Nowadays, urban development is mostly done in the peripheral areas without regard to the real potential and limitations of these lands. Failure to apply ecological capability assessment process in urban planning has led to inappropriate use of resources, because urban development and growth is often done in the suburbs. This development will result in the deformation of a large portion of the high-quality suburban areas of the city, including agricultural land. This research is a descriptive-analytical and utility, and with the purpose of designing and employing a comprehensive model and usage method of the integrated multi-criteria decision making method and DEMATEL-ANP model in urban land evaluation. Based on Iran literal Ecological Model, slope, climate, soil properties, water discharge and vegetation density, sea level and mother rock were selected as the main criteria affecting urban development land use. Then, in the form of a model, with the help of Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM), DEMATEL method was used to determine the intensity of the relationships among factors.

Methodology

In order to model the ecological potential of urban development land use, parameters such as wind speed (Cw), texture (Pte), depth (Pd), gravel (2 Ps), evolution (1 Ps), drainage (Pdr) and soil erosion (Es), rainfall (Cp), Ct temperature, discharge (Wc), height (E), moisture (Ch), rock (Li), slope (So), and vegetation density (Vgo) were considered. They were divided into three clusters of bio-hydroclimatology, soil and soil formations for vector weighting. To do the job, Super Decision, ArcGIS 10, IDRISI Selva, MATTALAB software were used. First, ecological parameters were prepared to evaluate the urban development land use capability. The meter map (1: 25000) was used to obtain the slope layers and to reclassify the height. For this purpose, the TIN map meter was first derived from the TIN map and the slope and elevation maps were extracted from the TIN and the maps were classified. To determine the study area, 10 kilometers around the city was designated for urban development use. After extracting the constraints, they were zeroed and standardized according to Boolean logic. They were then synthesized using the common logic (AND). All layers must be standardized before they can be merged to be able to be merged using decision rules. [r1] For this purpose, layers of height, pebble and soil depth and vegetation density were standardized using the linear membership function and slope layer using User Defined. DEMATEL and ANP methods were used to determine criteria weight vector and integration. After weighting the factors, the layers layer integration process was initiated using multi-criteria decision-making rules to achieve land use-friendly areas of urban development. Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method was used to integrate the layers. Then, histograms and breakpoints of utility map values were used to identify urban development land use classes on the evaluation map. Finally, reclassification of urban development took place and the final evaluation map was obtained.

Standardization of criteria with fuzzy logic: In fact, a series of inputs are is introduced in the fuzzy process, and by using membership functions, it assigns an appropriate degree to each parameter.

constraints map: In this study, the layers of constraints for urban development including good rangelands, 100 m buffer road according to Roads and Railways Land Use, 500 m buffer river, 1000 m buffer main fault, and 500 m buffer secondary fault were determined.

:DEMATELThis method is based on graph theory; a comprehensive method for constructing and analyzing the structural model of complex causal relationships among the factors of a problem. Describe numerically the concept of the interaction effect of a causal relationship.

The Network Analysis Process (ANP) and its stages: The network analysis process is one of the multi-criteria decision making techniques and the developed form of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). While the hierarchical analysis process employs one-sided (one-sided) relationships between decision levels, the process of network analysis provides the conditions where the interactions between decision levels and decision criteria are examined more generally. In fact, this method is used to solve problems where criteria and options are not independent.

Linear combination of layers :(WLC) is the most common technique in multi-criteria evaluation analysis. This method is based on the concept of the weighted average. The analyst or decision maker directly weights the criteria based on the relative importance of each criterion studied. Then by multiplying the relative weight of that attribute a final value for each option is obtained.

Perform the evaluation process using the WLC method :At this point, each factor was multiplied by its weight and summed for all factors in the constraint map. Desirability is expressed on the map with numbers between 0 and 1. In order to give a correct classification of the resulting map, Strech Stretch designed the map and obtained a map representing a layer with a range of different pixel utility (0 to 255), which further indicates higher potency and utility. Less indicates lower potency for urban development land use.

Discussion and conclusion :The ANP method was combined with the aim of first analyzing the interrelationships between the criteria and weighting of the factors according to their coefficient of influence. As shown in the final weight table, the slope criterion with weight of 0.447, and height with weight of 0.439, had the highest final weights in the study area, respectively. Also north and northeast areas of the area with have suitable vegetation density, eastern part of the area with ideal drainage and sandstone dominance corresponds to the urban land use class. The northern, northeast and eastern parts of the range often have first-rate potential for urban development use, with these areas being the most silty siltiest clayey loamy soil texture. Many parts of the south, southeast, and northwest have grade 2 potency potencies, in which the sandy loamy and clayey loamy soil texture exist. Also, most of the area in the southwest and west of the region is not capable of utilizing urban development in the southwest and west of the region.












Keywords

Subjects

o ,Asadi, R, Shahabian, P 2015, Evaluation of axial walking capability at the Tajrish metro station area by the method278-253 pp,1:No , The Journal of Spatial Planning QFD & ANP
o 2014,Javani, Kh, A Comparative analysis of multi-criteria decision-making methods in locating rural green spaces 32- 1 pp ,4 oN The Journal of Spatial Planning ,
o Amini, Abbas, Bagheri, Mohsen, Salehi, Mohammad Hassan, Hadi Nejad, Asieh, Improving Resource Management and Quality of Fuzzy Approach Land Evaluation Maps (Case Study: Farrokhshahr - Chaharmahal Bakhtiari), Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning, 24, No 52, No. 4, Winter 2013, page 204- 195.
o Amiri, Mohammad Javad, Salman Mahini, Jalali, Hosseini, Azari Dehkordi, (2009) Comparison of Systematic Integration of Maps and Boolean-Fuzzy Logic Integration in Ecological Evaluation of Forests in Watersheds of 33 and 34 North Iran, Journal of Environmental Science, Issue 2, 124 - 109
o Asgari, AS, Razani, A & Rakhshani, P, 2002, Urban Land Use Planning, Nooram Publications, Hamedan
o Atai, Mohammad, Multi-criteria Decision Making, Shahroud: Shahroud University of Technology Publications, 2010.
o Azizian, Mohammad Sadegh, Naghdi, Farideh, Melazadeh, Mehdi, Evaluation of Tabriz Marginal Ecological Capacity for Sustainable Urban Development with MCE Approach, Journal of Urban Research and Planning, Volume Four, Issue 13, Summer 2013, Page 128- 113
o Bahraini, Seyyed Hossein, Karimi, Keyvan, 2002 Environmental Program for Land Development, Tehran University Press, TehranPahizkar, Akbar, Ghaffari Gilandeh, Atta, Urban Waste Survey of Najaf Abad City, 2006
o Chang K , , iLao S , , Tseng, T , iLao,C , An ANP based TOPSIS approach for Taiwanese service apartment location selection, Asia Paci& Management Review xxx (2015) 1-7
o Cotter, M. Berkhoff, K. Gibreel, T. Ghorbani, A. Golbon, R. Nuppenau, E-A. Sauerborn, J. Desiging a sustainable land use scenario based on a combination of ecological assessments and economic optimization, 2013, Ecological Indicators, p: 9.
o ESM 103., 1981. Ecological services manual standards for the development of habitat suitability index models. Division of Ecological Services U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior Washington D.C. p.18-24.
o Evaluation Talei, M, Safarpour, M, Javadi, Gh, 2018 of Solar Power Potential Establishment Using Decision Making Techniques, Case Study: Qazvin Province 27- 1 pp ,4 oN The Journal of Spatial Planning ,
o Feng, S., and Xu, L.D., 1999. Decision support for fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of urban development. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 105, 1-12.
o Feng, S., and Xu, L.D., 1999. Decision support for fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of urban development. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 105, 1-12.
o Ferdowsi, S, and Ghodousi, F, 2005, Environmental Impact Assessment - Experiences, bottlenecks and future trends, EPA Publications
o Ghanbari, Hakimeh, Rustae, Shahrivar, 2013. Investigating the Priorities of Planning and Preparing Border Areas in East Azerbaijan Province Using Network Analysis (ANP) Model, Journal of Land Planning, Volume 5, Number 2, pp. 335- 360
o Hosseini, Seyyed Mohsen, Ork, Neda, Application of Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP) in Evaluation of Land Capacity for Urban Development in Geographic Information System (GIS) Environment, Journal of Geographical Research, Volume 27, Number 2, Summer 2012, 105 , 18176- 18176 successive page
o Jafari, 2000. Ali Explanation Models in the Sociological Approach of Positivism, Journal of Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Isfahan, Volume II, pp. 23-22
o Javadian Kotanai, Sara, Melmasi, Saeed, Ork, Neda, Morshedi, J, Developing an Ecological Capacity Model for Urban Development Using Network Analysis Process (ANP), Case Study: Sari County, Land Statistics Journal, Volume 6, Issue 1 , Spring and Summer 2014, pages 178-153
o Karami, Omid, Hosseini Nasr, Seyed Mohsen, Jalilvand, Hamid, Mirioghobzadeh, Mir Hassan, Determination of Habitable Areas Using GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process, Case Study: Babolrood Watershed, Mazandaran, Remote Sensing Journal And GIS in Natural Resources Sciences, Third Year, No. 2, Summer 2012
o Land Use Guidelines for Roads and Railways, 2008
o Makhdoum, M.F., 1992. Environmental Unit: An Arbitrary Ecosystem for Land evaluation. AGEE, 41(2), 209-214.
o Makhdoum, Majid, 1999, The Basis of Land Preparation, University of Tehran Publications
o Makhdoum, Majid, 2005, The Basis of Land Preparation, University of Tehran Publications.
o Malczewski, J., 2004. GIS-based land-use suitability analysis: a critical overview. Progress in Planning.62: 3-65.
o McPherson, E.G., Nowak, D.J., Rowntree, R.A., 1994. Chicago’s Urban Forest Ecosystem: Results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project. General Technical Report NE-186, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
o Mohammadi, Mahmood, Malekipour, Ehsan, Sahebgharani, Alireza, Modeling of Urban Expansion on Lands Using Automated Cells (CA) and Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP) (Case Study: Isfahan Region 7), Journal of Studies and Urban and Regional Research, Fifth Year, No. 18, Autumn 2013, pp. 192-175
o Naghdi, Farideh, Hosseini, Seyed Mohsen, Sadr, Shaghayegh, Evaluation of Land Ecological Capacity Using Geographic Information Systems and Analytical Hierarchy Process (Case Study: Tabriz Suburbs), Remote Sensing and GIS in Resources Science Natural, Second Year, No. 1, Spring 2011.
o Nasiri, Hossein, Alavi Panah, Seyed Kazem, Metinfar, Hamid Reza, Azizi, Ali, Hamzeh, Mohammad, Implementation of Ecological Modeling of Agriculture with PROMETHEE II and AHP-Fuzzy Approach in GIS (Case Study: Marvdasht County), Journal of Environmental Studies, Thirty-Eight, No. 3, Fall 91, pp. 109-122
o Pour Jafar, Mohammad Reza, Montazer al-Haja, Mehdi, Ranjbar, Ehsan, Kabiri, Reza (2012). Evaluation of Ecological Capacity to Determine Suitable Areas of Development in Sahand New Town Area, Journal of Geography and Development, No. 28, pp. 11-22
o Pourkhbaz, Hamid Reza, Aghder, Hossein, Mohammadi, Fatemeh, Javanmardi, Saeedeh, Land suitability assessment for agricultural land use determination using DEMATEL and FAHP Chang Multivariate Decision Models (Case Study: Behbahan Margin), Journal of Environmental Studies, Volume 41, No. 2, Summer 2015, pp 445-429.
o Pourkhbaz, Hamid Reza, Javanmardi, Saeedeh, Yavari, Faraji Stebbar, "Application of Multi Criteria Decision Making and DEMATEL-ANP Integrated Model in Agricultural Land Suitability Analysis (Case Study: Qazvin Plain)", Quarterly Journal of Environmental Studies, S 3, pp. 151-164, 1392
o Qaed Rahmati, Heidarinejad, (2009), Physical Development of Cities and the Need to Determine Safe Urban Privacy (Case Study: Isfahan City), Geography and Environmental Studies, Volume 1, Number 1, pp 14-24
o Qarazgulu, Alireza, Alizadeh, Masoumeh, Assessment of Land Suitability for Industry Establishment Using AHP-Fuzzy Hierarchical Logic Analysis Process (Case Study: Mallard County), Journal of Remote Sensing and GIS in Natural Resources Sciences, Third Year, Issue 4, Winter 2012
o Razavi Tousi, Leila, Mohammad Wali Samani, Jamal, 2013, Management Prioritization of Some Catchment Areas Using Network Analysis Process (ANP) Methods and New Combined Algorithm Based on Fuzzy ANP-TOPSIS, Water and Irrigation Management, Volume 3, Number 2, pp. 75-90
o Rostamzadeh, R.; Sofian, S. (2011). "Prioritizing effective 7Ms to improve production systems performance using fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS (case study)". Expert Systems with Applications, 38(2011), 5166-5177
o Sante- Riveira, I., Crecente- Maseda, R., and Miranda- Barros, D., 2008. GIS- based planning support system for rural land- use allocation. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 63, 257-273.
o Sarai, Ansari Arjmand, Kamayizadeh, Khoshchehreh, 2016, Analysis of Sustainable Ecotourism Development Strategies in Suburban Resorts Using SWOT-ANP Combined Approach. Case Study: Kong Valley, Journal of Geographical Space Preparation, Golestan University of Science and Technology, Sixth Year, No. 27
o Serestha. R.K. J.R.R.. Alavalapati. and R.S. Kalmbacher. 2004. Exploring the potential for silvopasrnre adoption in South-central Florida: an application of SWOT-AHP method. Agricu1tura1 Systems. 81. pp 185—199.
o Tadi S ,c& Zeevi,S Krsti ,M, cA novel hybrid MCDM model based on fuzzy DEMATEL fuzzy ANP and fuzzy VIKOR for city logistics concept selection, Expert Systems with ApplIcations 41 (2014) 8112—812
o Tseng. M. L. 2009. A causal and effect decision making model of service quality expectation using grey-fuzzy DEMATEL approach. Expert Systems with Applications. 36. pp. 7738-7748.
o Wei-Wen Wu ,2008. Choosing knowledge management strategies by using a combined ANP and DEMATEL, approach. Expert Systems with Applications. 35. pp. 828-835.
The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics
Volume 24, Issue 2
June 2020
Pages 111-140