Modeling Water Balance Components in the Small-Forested Watershed (Case study: Kasilian Representative Basin)

Authors
H. Khairy 1
G. Maghami Moghim 1
H. Ahmadi 2
1 School of Earth Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
2 department of stuadis in Geoghraphy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
In the Small forest basins, mostly are the headwater of the Caspian sea basin, long historical data are unavailable, therefore physically bases model are suitable tools to evaluate them.The aim of this study was to simulate water balance components and estimate the impact of hydrogeological, morphological and hydrological conditions on water balance components in Kasilian representative basin. The BROOK90 model was applied and calibrated for the water balance analysis. Twenty years of hydro-climatology data were used for setting Brook90. Data from the period 1992–1993 was used for calibration, and the interval 2004–2006 was considered as the validation period. The calibration of Brook90 was done by trial and error. Visual inspection of the measured and simulated discharge curves and mean bias error were the indicators for model performance. The simulation results demonstrate that the model can give a fair estimation of the water balance components. The results of sensitivity analysis on model parameters indicates that geological, hydrological and land use factors play important roles in runoff generation and water balance components in the basin. The water balance investigation showed that about 76 percent of the annual precipitation released as evapotranspiration and 24 percent as streamflow. The average contribution of the individual streamflow component to total streamflow is 46.67% groundwater flow, 38.32% Source area flow, and 16.99% Bypass flow. The increase of vegetation cover reduces total evapotranspiration and total runoff that play an important role in reducing the potential of flooding and an increase in groundwater storage in the basin.

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The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics
Volume 21, Issue 4
December 2017
Pages 59-85