Analyzing and spatial classification of daily tourism route of Tehran province based on tourism services and facilities

Authors
A. Meshkini
H. Behnammorshedi
M. BARGHAMADI
Tarbiat Modares University
Abstract
Introduction

Tourism is one of the forces shaping today’s world. According to statistics, the largest global employment segment has been for tourism (10% of GDP). One out of every 11 jobs is a tourism related business and 29% of the services are related to this activity. In addition, according to the World Tourism Organization, the number of tourists will reach 1.8 billion by 2030. Indeed, due to its umbrella feature and socio-cultural empathy, tourism is an important tool in development of infrastructure, creating revenue for the host society and governments, and balancing regional development strategies. So development of this activity in Iran will provide good conditions for the development of it as a destination for international tourists. This is due to the existence of tourist attractions and, on the other hand, the satisfaction of them at a higher level than expected. Therefore, it can be said that providing optimal services for tourists is one of the main bases in Attraction and satisfaction of tourists. For this purpose, the present study is conducted with the aim of analyzing and spatially leveling the tourism routes of Tehran province according to the tourism services and facilities. This study is trying to answer the question whether the spatial distribution of tourism services in the tourism areas of Tehran province is proportional to the pattern of distribution of tourist attractions of each rote, which is the interface between the tourist and the attractions? And In the case of absence of balance, problematic routes are identified and sought to eliminate or reduce them.



Research Methodology

Based on the purpose of the research, this research is appliedand according to the method and nature, is descriptive-analytic. According to the research objectives, the effective measures in tourism services are initially adapted from Farjisabokbar et al. (2014). then, according to the criteria, spatial data of the region level has been collected. Using the Fuller Hierarchy Model, the relevant criteria are weighed and then, using the ORESTE model, the corresponding rote are ranked and finally, the map of the leveling of tourism route in the province has been drawn up. It is worth to mention, all the daily public tourist routes of the province (as defined by the Cultural Heritage Organization) in accordance with the main route of the province has been Matched and selected. Therefore, this research does not have a statistical sample and its statistical society is according to the daily routes of the province's tourism, all of the main routes of the province of Tehran lead to tourist attractions.

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to measure the daily tourism of Tehran province, which is the relationship between tourists and attractions based on services and facilities. Therefore, in the first stage, criteria and research indicators are obtained, which is the most important part of the research process. It should be noted that the number of services and facilities located near each tourist route are considered. For this reason, for each route, one kilometer radius of Buffer is considered and because of better access and the need of tourists to this type of service, the number of services in this area has been identified. Also for the number of towns and villages as well as tourist attractions, Bufferis considered at a radius of 5 km;because cities and villages have the least amount of services in practice. After data collection, a matrix is formed that specifies the values of each of the indicators.

The research results indicate that the tourist routes of the east and south-east of the province such as (Tehran-Khosrowabad, Pardis-Sarbandan-Firouzkooh-Saraza), (Tehran-Khosrowabad, Pardis-Sarbandan-Firouzkooh-Shahr Abad), (Tehran-Khosrowabad, Pardis-Mehrabad) are the origins of tourists entering and to the green areas of Damavand and Firoozkooh and from there to Tehran has the minimum required services for tourists. In addition, rote such as "Tehran-Rey-Varamin-Javadieh", which leads to the National Park of the Kavir considering the potential of these attractions in attracting tourists, has a minimum of facilities.

Conclusion

Tehran province has tourism attractions as well as infrastructure such as airport and strong transportation network, which has radially connected the whole country to the capital, ultimately, has somehow added to the importance of tourism in the city of Tehran. So that the vast majority of visitors and tourists on the international level are forced to visit and stay in Tehran. So, the routes providing access to these tourist attractions should have a minimum of quality services in their area. However, results indicate that most of the provinces have been deprived of this route. Routes of the northeast, east, and south east have longer distances which leads to boredom and fatigue of tourists. Hence, more attention should be paid to these routes to ensure the satisfaction of tourists. Therefore, after identifying this issue, a better management of tourists will be provided. by providing the right service, we must meet the most needs of this cortex and as well asthe routes with limitations in terms of services,and try to solve their problems.

Keywords

Subjects

Afrakhteh, h, Rahnemaie, M. T. Tahmasebi, A., Imani gheshlagh, S., "Analysis of Spatial Inequalities in the Development of Tourist Resources (Ardabil Province)", Volume 5, Issue 1, (2016).
Farajzadehisan, Manouchehr, "Geographic Information System and its Application in Tourism Tourism Planning", Sadegh Publication (2008). [In pershian]
Amanpour, Saeed, Nozari, Abdolrahman and Badri, Reza, "Assessing the satisfaction rate of Norooz tourists from welfare facilities, recreation and tourism services in Shoushtar". Quarterly Journal of Urban Management Studies, Issue 6 / Issue 19, Pages 83-71, (2014). [In pershian]
Ashoornejad, Ghadir; Faraji sabokbar, Hassan Ali; Alavi Panah; Seyyed Kazem; Nami; Mohammad Hassan; "Integration of the RBFLN Neural Network and the ORESTE Multiuser Model for Identifying the Best Place for the Establishment of Financial and Commercial Centers in Urban Space (A Case Study in Tehran)". Journal of Amiyas Land, Volume 5, Issue 2, Autumn and Winter, Pages 316-289 (2013). (DOI): 10.22059/jtcp.2013.36783 [In pershian]
Behnammorshedi, Hasan, "Spatial Planning of Tourism Services of Fars Province (Case Study: Main Rote of Fars Province)", Master's Degree Program in Geography and Tourism Planning with the Help of Dr. Hasanali Faraji Sabokbar, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Winter (2012). [In pershian]
Behnammorshedi, Hasan; Ahmadi, Dariush; Faraji Sabokbar; Hasanali; Rezvani; Mohammad Reza; Spatial zoning of tourism centers in order to determine the optimal areas of tourism services; Case study: Fars province., Journal of Regional Planning, Year 6, Consecutive Number 12, (2016 A). [In pershian]
Behnammorshedi, Hasan; Faraji Sabokbar, Hasanali; Rezvani, Mohammad Reza; Mohammadian, Zahra, "Spatial planning of tourism services (case study: Fars Province)", Journal of Human Geography Research, Vol. 48, No. 21, 27-295 (2016 B). (DOI): 10.22059/jhgr.2016.53861 [In pershian]
Briedenhann, J. and Wickens, E., “Tourism routes as a tool for the economic development of rural areas – vibrant hope or impossible dream”. Tourism Management, 25, 71-79. (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00063-3.
Chatterjee, P. and Chakraborty, S. “Flexible Manufacturing System Selection Using Preference Ranking Methods: A Comparative Study” International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, Volume 5 Issue 2 pp. 315-338, (2014). DOI: 10.5267/j.ijiec.2013.10.002.
Ebrahimzadeh, Isa; Ziaei, Mahmoud; Delshad A., "Principles and Process of Strategic Planning for Tourism Development", Sahra Publications, East Mashhad, First Edition, (2012). [In pershian]
Esra AYTAÇ ADALI1, Ayşegül TUŞ IŞIK, “Ranking Web Design Firms with the ORESTE Method”. Cilt .17.SS. 243 / 254. (2017). DOI: 10.21121/eab.2017225202.
Farjizbakbar, Hassan Ali, Rezvani, Mohammad Reza, Behnammorshidi, Hassan; Rousta, Hossein, "Spatial Leveling of Fars Tourism Tours Based on Tourism Services and Facilities", Journal of Human Geography, Volume 46, Issue 3, Pages 586-561, (2014). (DOI): 10.22059/jhgr.2014.51227 .[In pershian]
Ghasemi, Ali; Navabakhsh, Mehrdad and Kardovani, Parviz, "Aviation of the tourist destinations around the cluster of the metropolitan area, case: the suburbs of northern Tehran", Quarterly Journal of Rural Economics and Development, vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 187-173 (2017). URL: http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-۱-۲۷۸۰-fa.html. [In pershian]
Hajinejad, Ali; Islamabad, Fatemeh, Alizadeh, Mohammad Reza, "Assessment of the level of development of services and amenities of tourism in the centers of the cities of Fars province". Urban Ecosystem Research, Volume 3, Issue 5, Pages 34-23, (2012). [In pershian]
Holden٫ Andrew. “Winter tourism and the environment in conflict: the case of Cairngorm, Scotland”٫ The International Journal of Tourism Research 2.4. (2000). https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-1970(200007/08)2:4<247::AID-JTR214>3.0.CO;2-X.
Hua Guo-Mei. “Tourism Route Design and Optimization Based on Heuristic Algorithm”. Published in: Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA), Eighth International Conference on. DOI: 10.1109/ICMTMA.113 . Macau, China. (2016).
Iran's Statistics Center. "Statistical Yearbook of Tehran Province". 2016. https://www.amar.org.ir. [In pershian]
Kalantari, Mohsen, Malek, Marziyeh, "Spatial Analysis and Leveling of Tourism Attractions and Communication Infrastructure and Road Network in Desert Regions of Iran (Case Study: Khor and Biabanak Township)", Geographical Studies of Arid Regions, Year 5, No. 18, Pages 53-70, (2013). URL: http://journals.hsu.ac.ir/jarhs/article-۱-۶۱۲-fa.html [In pershian]
Karami, Fariba, Derakhshan, Elham, Hassanzadeh, Mehrshad and Safai, Omid, "An Approach to Improving the Quality of Urban Tourist Services Using the Servqual Model (Case Study: Yasuj City)", Urban Tourism, Volume 4, Number 1, Pages 28-15, (2017). (DOI): 10.22059/jut.2017.62000. [In pershian]
Khosrowjerdi, Madinah and Noripour, Mehdi, "Identifying the strategies of rural tourism development in the Doroodzan region: integrating strategic planning and artificial neural network models", Journal of Space Planning (Teacher of Humanities). Volume 21, Issue 1, pp. 167-196, (2017). URL: http://journals.modares.ac.ir/article-21-11134-fa.html [In pershian]
Kotler, P., Bowen, J. T., Makens, J. C., Baloglu, S., “Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism”. Publisher: Pearson; seven edition, (2016).
Kralik L., Jasek R., Zacek P. “Influence of User’s Criteria Preferences for Open Source ITIL Tools Evaluation by Simple MCDM”. In: Rocha Á. Reis L. (Eds) Developments and Advances in Intelligent Systems and Applications. Vol 718. Springer, Cham. (2018). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58965-7_10
Leiper٫ Nell. “The framework of tourism: Towards a definition of tourism, tourist, and the tourist industry”٫ Annals of Tourism Research٫ Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 390-407. (1979). https://doi.org/10.1177/004728758001900184.
Marlien Lourens, “the Underpinnings for Successful Route Tourism Development in South Africa”. Dissertation submitted to the University of the Witwatersrand, School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Tourism. Johannesburg, (, 2007).
Meyer, D., “Tourism Routes and Gateways: Key Issues for the Development of Tourism Routes and Gateways and Their Potential for Pro-Poor Tourism”, London: Overseas Development Institute. (2004).
Mirzaei, R. “Modeling the Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts of Nature-Based Tourism to the Host Communities and their Support for Tourism”, PhD Thesis, Justus Liebig University Giessen. (2013).
Mirza'i, Roozbeh, Hakimeh Nasiri, and Seyyed Abolqasem Mira, "From the motives of European tourists to travel destination selection (Iran case study)". Business Management Quarterly, 7 (4): 921-40, 2015. DOI: 10.22059/JIBM.2015.57098. [In pershian]
Mohamadpour, Maryam, Asgharizad, Ezatollah, "The ranking of the research institutes of a research center through the ORESTE multi-index decision-making method." Management Researches, No. 1, Pages 217-233, (2008). URL: http://cs.shahed.ac.ir/article-۱-۷۹۹-fa.html. [In pershian]
O'Gorman, K. D. “Iranian hospitality: A hidden treasure”, International
Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 9(1): 31- 36. (2007). ISSN 0959-6119.
Organization of Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism, ""Identity of the tourism routes of Tehran province", Tourism deputy, Office of planning and development of domestic tourism, (undated). [In pershian]
Organization of Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism, "Studies of the Laws and Requirements Standards for Managing and Managing Roadside Border Facilities," Varro Boom Consulting Engineers (2010). [In pershian]
Organization of Transportation and Terminals of the Country, "Comprehensive Plan for Reconnaissance Complexes of Roads and Tiers of Parks", Office of Investment Affairs and Supervision of Operation, (2000). [In pershian]
Rahnemaie, Mohammad Taghi; Maleknia, Mahboubeh and Jahanian, Manouchehr, "The role of cultural and historical rote of the 12th region in the development of tourism in Tehran", New Attitudes in Human Geography, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 101-83 (2011). [In pershian]
Rodrigue, J-P; Comtois, C; Brian Slack, Brian. “The Geography of Transport Systems”, fourth Edition. Routledge. (2017).
Roknoddin Eftekhari, Abdolreza and Ghaderi, Ismail, "The Rural Tourism Role in Rural Development (Review and Analysis of Theoretical Frameworks)", Journal of Space Planning (Lecturer in Humanities). Volume 6, Issue 2, Summer 2002, Pages 23-41, (2002). [In pershian]
Rostami, Ghahraman, "Investigating the Power of the Great Tehran and its Development Tools", Thesis, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran (2007). [In pershian]
Shamaee, Ali and Mousivand, Jafar, "The level of urbanization of Isfahan province in terms of tourism infrastructure using the TOPSIS and AHP model". Urban and Regional Studies and Research, Third Year, No. Ten, pp. 40-23 (2011). [In pershian]
Soltani, Ali; Dashti, Ali; Babaei, Ehsan; "Assessment of the Quality of Religious Tourist Services in Mashhad Metropolis from the Point of View of Tourists", utopian, No. 31, pp. 342-333, (2014). [In pershian]
Taghvaie and Ranjbardastnaie, "An Analysis of the Distribution of Services and Facilities for the Tourism of the North East of the Province of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari". Journal of Urban Planning and Research, Year 1, Issue 1, Pages 21-48, (2010). [In pershian]
Taqazadeizadeh, Mohammad Reza; Fatemeh Bagheri, Alireza Dehghan, and Abdi Naser, "Identification and Prioritization of the Objective Markets in the Tourism Industry of Iran Using the Multi-Attribute Decision Making Approach in a Fuzzy Environment". Business Administration, 7 (2): 381-406, (2015). (DOI): 10.22059/JIBM.2015.52080 .[In pershian]
UNESCO. “Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List: Iran”. (2016).
UNWTO. Tourism Highlights, Edition, Madrid: World Tourism Organization. (2013).
Xiujuan Ma. “Intelligent Tourism Route Optimization Method Based on the Improved Genetic Algorithm”. Published in: Smart Grid and Electrical Automation (ICSGEA), International Conference on. DOI: 10.1109/ICSGEA.2016.64. Zhangjiajie, China. DOI: 10.1109/ICSGEA.2016.64
Zargham, Hamid; Turkman, Nasrin, "An Analysis of the Development of Religious Tourism in Hamedan Province", Journal of Management Sciences of Iran, Vol. 8, No. 30, pp. 57-80 (2013). [In pershian]
Zeleňáková, M; Harbuľáková, V. O.; Olejník, A.; “Using of Multicriteria Method for Choosing the Best Alternative of the Heating Power Plant”, Journal Of Civil Engineering. Vol. 12, Issue 1, (2017).
Ziaee, Mahmoud, Shojaee, Moslem, "The Leveling of Tourist Destinations: New Conceptual Analysis in Spatial Planning of Tourism", Tourism Studies, No. 13, Pages 46-25 (2010). [In pershian]
The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics
Volume 22, Issue 2
August 2018
Pages 95-132