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Showing 4 results for Rural Entrepreneurs

Hamid Barghi, , Bita Aslani,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (3-2018)
Abstract

Introduction
Entrepreneurship term originates from the French word Enterprender meaning commitment. Entrepreneurship is a good strategy for fighting against poverty and maintaining wealth in low-income communities. The entrepreneurship importance is to the extent that economists consider entrepreneurs as the growth and economic development engine of the society. Entrepreneurship is considered as an essential element for the growth and productivity of rural areas. Ruralism is a dynamic source of entrepreneurship which forms both opportunities and constraints. The entrepreneurship role in rural economic development can be found in areas such as the villager’s access to required goods and services, rural economic growth, reducing the phenomenon of migration to cities,   encouraging new businesses creation and promoting social security level and welfare in the village. Rural entrepreneurship is one of the best strategies that can be effective in terms of rural monetizing, job creation and unemployment elimination, preventing immigration, improving the life quality and welfare level in rural community, creating a sense of competition and new businesses and preventing chaos and social unrests. Entrepreneurship development and survive in rural areas is due to factors such as social infrastructure development, doing research and development simultaneously, increasing human resources quality, improving the management quality, education and technology development. Meanwhile, one of the most important and fundamental factors is social capital, because it promotes creativity, innovative behaviors and increases entrepreneur’s thoughtful risk-taking. Social capital is a resource created in in business networks or within individual networks. These resources include information, thoughts, tips, business opportunities, financial capital, leverage, emotional support, good will, trust and collaboration.
Methodology
In terms of purpose, the present study is practical and in terms of the method, it is descriptive-analytic. In the research process, the theoretical foundation of entrepreneurship, social capital and literature review were studied first; and components, indexes and items have been determined accordingly based on the available information about the study region. The statistical population has been selected from three groups of occupation, agriculture, industry and services; and a sample size of 250 people was selected randomly between them. 72 individual in the industry, 124 in agriculture and 54 people work in the services field.   In the present study, the formal method has been used to increase the credit rating. For this purpose, the questionnaire was distributed to experts, specialists and professors. After the compilation and gathering their comments, the necessary reforms were made. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the research stability. The calculated alpha value is 0.791 which indicates that the number is desirable and the necessary accuracy for the structures stability is used in the questionnaire and the designed items to measure the indices have an internal correlation. In this research, factor analysis, Bartlett test, Pearson coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze quantitative data.
Findings and Discussion
In order to measure the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship, we first examine the relationships between variables. Here, we use Pearson, Spearman and Kendall correlation coefficients for analyzing according to the variables scale type. According to Pearson correlation coefficients and social capital and entrepreneurship significant levels in the studied population, a significant and positive relationship exists at 99% level. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected and a significant relationship exists between social capital and entrepreneurship. Five factors with eigenvalues greater than 5.0 are extracted by using factor analysis technique in the main components method; the dimension variables affecting the rural entrepreneurs are packed based on the load factor after varimax rotation method. The five factors determined 64.12% of the total variance related to plan effects. In other words, 64% of the relationship between social capital and rural entrepreneurs is related to these factors from the perspective of rural entrepreneurs. Regression analysis and Fisher statistic have been used to consider the social capital prediction on rural entrepreneurship. Accordingly, the determination coefficient of 0.934 indicates that the independent variable explains 93% of dependent variable variations.
Conclusion
There is a positive and meaningful relation between rural entrepreneurship and social capital in examining the findings. People who have high social capital spends a little time protecting themselves from being exploited in economic interactions and monitoring the other’s performances; this makes more time for thinking, creativity, innovation and ultimately entrepreneurship. Any improvement in social capital and related factors leads to a betterment in entrepreneurship. The factor analysis of entrepreneurship shows that facilities availability with the highest loading factor has been the most effective factor in the entrepreneurship process; and participation in village development had the highest loading factor in social capital formation. In regression analysis, psychological characteristics have the most impact on rural entrepreneurship prediction.

Hamdollah Sojasi Qeidari, Hamid Shayan, Seyed Reza Hosseini Kahnooj,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (3-2018)
Abstract

The purpose of this study is to answer the question of the factors affecting the failure of greenhouse business among failed local entrepreneurs in Jiroft villages, which is based on the theory of fundamental theory and Futuristic Approach. The view of these entrepreneurs who have experienced critical situations, general characteristics and their common personality characteristics is obtained. This research is a new study aimed at helping theoretical literature and preventing from business failures by categorizing relevant issues and registering characteristics and statements of failed entrepreneurs.  Lack of studies about business failure in Iran and significant differences in this area justify the originality and need for this study. Considering these reasons, the study of unsuccessful entrepreneurs and presentation of a framework and model based on it seems necessary. Accordingly, the present study seeks to answer this key question, which are the most important factors affecting on ​​entrepreneurs failure in the rural greenhouse sector in Jiroft.
Research method
This research is combination of (quantitative and qualitative) that seeks to identify and investigate the factors affecting on bankrupt entrepreneurs, which first identify the most important factors by using the qualitative method. Then, using the futures research method and using MICMAC software, the effect of identified factors on the greenhouse business failure factor is obtained.
The statistical population of this study is failed people including greenhouses owner in five rural areas of Jiroft in Kerman province (as the pole of greenhouse products in Iran). For this purpose, 35 samples were interviewed. Twenty-two of the interviewees were Turkish greenhouse owner, and 13 were experts of agricultural Jihad and professors.
Findings
According to the results, 90.2% of respondents were male, 73% were between the ages of 55-55 years old and 60.3% of them had literacy equivalent to a diploma. Also, about 38% of them had an area of land between 1 and 2 hectares, with an average of 10 to 50 million tooman per year. All respondents had experience in the greenhouse industry and failed in this regard. Regarding the funds provided, about 70% of them were using personal loans and borrowing from friends and relatives and the rest by using a loan from Government agencies and charities, including the Committee on Relief and Welfare Project..
Conclusion
As it has been mentioned, loss and failure is a major part of human life. The failure provides a comprehensive database for individuals to learn to create flexible capacity in difficult times. Today, the rate of businesses failure in the agricultural sector in the Iran villages has grown substantially. With regard to issues such as climate change and water and land constraints, it is essential to adopt appropriate policies for setting up agricultural businesses. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the failure of local entrepreneurs' businesses in rural areas of Jiroft using basic theory and futuristic approach to determine the most important factors affecting the failure of local and small entrepreneurs. Firstly, the key factors were identified in qualitative way around six key questions and using the basic theory method. Then, in order to realize the futuristic approach, using the Delphi method and in the form of the Mick-Mac software, the identified factors from the impact or impact dimension it was tested. The results of the futuristic approach showed that most of the key strategic and key factors are influential external factors such as the lack of information and communication, the existence of economic sanctions (high customs duties, high exchange rates, and economic sanctions), lack of :union: Trade leads to natural hazards.


Volume 25, Issue 3 (5-2023)
Abstract

Research on the rural entrepreneurial process is relatively limited. This quantitative study appraised an opportunity-based model of rural entrepreneurial process that consisted of two components including the principal stages and the important factors in each stage. Using tree analysis, the pathways passed by the rural entrepreneurs and the drivers of the process were investigated. A survey was conducted with a sample of 193 rural entrepreneurs supported by Omid Entrepreneurship Fund, Iran. Based on the results, the rural entrepreneurs passed 7 pathways to get from opportunity recognition to opportunity exploitation. Process of analyzing the regression tree indicated that the rural entrepreneurial process resulted from a complex set of various stages and drivers. The first determinant stage of the predicted value of opportunity exploitation as the dependent variable was opportunity evaluation. All rural entrepreneurs were divided into two categories of low and high opportunity evaluation. The most important drivers of this stage were prior knowledge, access to expertise, and access to financial resources. According to the results, social supports, proactiveness, and expectancy for success were the most effective drivers of the rural entrepreneurial process in which opportunity revision was the most determinant stage. Opportunity examination was another determinant stage influenced by normative environment and self-efficacy. Innovativeness and social networks were the best drivers for the rural entrepreneurs who passed the rural entrepreneurial process with high ability of opportunity recognition. According to the results, both individual and contextual factors were important, in almost all pathways. To facilitate and accelerate the rural entrepreneurial process and promote its quality, it is important to consider the rural entrepreneurs’ abilities.

Volume 25, Issue 4 (5-2023)
Abstract

One of the most important questions in the entrepreneurship literature is how entrepreneurial success can be explained. Despite extensive research on this question, the relationship between the satisfaction of psychological needs and entrepreneurial success has not been well understood, especially among rural entrepreneurs in developing countries. This study mainly aimed to examine the relationship between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and entrepreneurial success and find out whether well-being and work engagement played mediating roles in this relationship. Data were collected from a sample of 110 rural entrepreneurs in Nahavand County, Iran. Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 3.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs was not directly related to entrepreneurial success. However, this relationship was significantly mediated via well-being and work engagement. These findings highlighted well-being and work engagement as important pathways between the satisfaction of psychological needs and entrepreneurial success. The findings also provided important theoretical and practical implications for researchers, policymakers, and entrepreneurs.
 

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