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kooshki P, Pourkhabbaz H R, Yousefi Khanghah S, Javanmardi S. Ecological Capacity Modeling of Urban Development (Case Study: Boroujerd City Margin). MJSP 2020; 24 (2) :111-140
URL: http://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article-21-38832-en.html

Abstract
Introduction
Nowadays, urban development is mostly done in the peripheral areas without regard to the real potential and limitations of these lands. Failure to apply ecological capability assessment process in urban planning has led to inappropriate use of resources, because urban development and growth is often done in the suburbs. This development will result in the deformation of a large portion of the high-quality suburban areas of the city, including agricultural land. This research is a descriptive-analytical and utility, and with the purpose of designing and employing a comprehensive model and usage method of the integrated multi-criteria decision making method and DEMATEL-ANP model in urban land evaluation. Based on Iran literal Ecological Model, slope, climate, soil properties, water discharge and vegetation density, sea level and mother rock were selected as the main criteria affecting urban development land use. Then, in the form of a model, with the help of Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM), DEMATEL method was used to determine the intensity of the relationships among factors.
Methodology
In order to model the ecological potential of urban development land use, parameters such as wind speed (Cw), texture (Pte), depth (Pd), gravel (2 Ps), evolution (1 Ps), drainage (Pdr) and soil erosion (Es), rainfall (Cp), Ct temperature, discharge (Wc), height (E), moisture (Ch), rock (Li), slope (So), and vegetation density (Vgo) were considered. They were divided into three clusters of bio-hydroclimatology, soil and soil formations for vector weighting. To do the job, Super Decision, ArcGIS 10, IDRISI Selva, MATTALAB software were used. First, ecological parameters were prepared to evaluate the urban development land use capability. The meter map (1: 25000) was used to obtain the slope layers and to reclassify the height. For this purpose, the TIN map meter was first derived from the TIN map and the slope and elevation maps were extracted from the TIN and the maps were classified. To determine the study area, 10 kilometers around the city was designated for urban development use. After extracting the constraints, they were zeroed and standardized according to Boolean logic. They were then synthesized using the common logic (AND). All layers must be standardized before they can be merged to be able to be merged using decision rules. [r1] For this purpose, layers of height, pebble and soil depth and vegetation density were standardized using the linear membership function and slope layer using User Defined. DEMATEL and ANP methods were used to determine criteria weight vector and integration. After weighting the factors, the layers layer integration process was initiated using multi-criteria decision-making rules to achieve land use-friendly areas of urban development. Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method was used to integrate the layers. Then, histograms and breakpoints of utility map values were used to identify urban development land use classes on the evaluation map. Finally, reclassification of urban development took place and the final evaluation map was obtained.
Standardization of criteria with fuzzy logic: In fact, a series of inputs are is introduced in the fuzzy process, and by using membership functions, it assigns an appropriate degree to each parameter.
constraints map: In this study, the layers of constraints for urban development including good rangelands, 100 m buffer road according to Roads and Railways Land Use, 500 m buffer river, 1000 m buffer main fault, and 500 m buffer secondary fault were determined.
 :DEMATELThis method is based on graph theory; a comprehensive method for constructing and analyzing the structural model of complex causal relationships among the factors of a problem. Describe numerically the concept of the interaction effect of a causal relationship.
The Network Analysis Process (ANP) and its stages: The network analysis process is one of the multi-criteria decision making techniques and the developed form of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). While the hierarchical analysis process employs one-sided (one-sided) relationships between decision levels, the process of network analysis provides the conditions where the interactions between decision levels and decision criteria are examined more generally. In fact, this method is used to solve problems where criteria and options are not independent.
Linear combination of layers :(WLC) is the most common technique in multi-criteria evaluation analysis. This method is based on the concept of the weighted average. The analyst or decision maker directly weights the criteria based on the relative importance of each criterion studied. Then by multiplying the relative weight of that attribute a final value for each option is obtained.
Perform the evaluation process using the WLC method :At this point, each factor was multiplied by its weight and summed for all factors in the constraint map. Desirability is expressed on the map with numbers between 0 and 1. In order to give a correct classification of the resulting map, Strech Stretch designed the map and obtained a map representing a layer with a range of different pixel utility (0 to 255), which further indicates higher potency and utility. Less indicates lower potency for urban development land use.
Discussion and conclusion :The ANP method was combined with the aim of first analyzing the interrelationships between the criteria and weighting of the factors according to their coefficient of influence. As shown in the final weight table, the slope criterion with weight of 0.447, and height with weight of 0.439, had the highest final weights in the study area, respectively. Also north and northeast areas of the area with have suitable vegetation density, eastern part of the area with ideal drainage and sandstone dominance corresponds to the urban land use class. The northern, northeast and eastern parts of the range often have first-rate potential for urban development use, with these areas being the most silty siltiest clayey loamy soil texture. Many parts of the south, southeast, and northwest have grade 2 potency potencies, in which the sandy loamy and clayey loamy soil texture exist. Also, most of the area in the southwest and west of the region is not capable of utilizing urban development in the southwest and west of the region.