سیاست و فضا: تحلیل نظری تأثیر نئولیبرالیسم بر بحران آب

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسنده
دانشگاه اصفهان
چکیده
بخشهای زیادی از جهان به‌طور فزاینده با کمبود آب و سپس تبدیل آن به بحران مواجه هستند. بحران آب یک مسئله مدیریتی و حاکمیتی است و به‌عبارتی پدیده انسان‌ساخت می‌باشد. انسان همواره بر فضای جغرافیایی تأثیر می‌گذارد که کم و کیف آن اغلب تحت تأثیر نوع تفکر و اندیشه او میباشد. در سطح حکومتی از اندیشه جمعی و غالب انسانها که در برخورد با همه پدیده‌ها و عرصه‌ها ملاک عمل قرار می‌گیرد، به تفکر سیاسی و ایدئولوژی تعبیر می‌شود. نئولیبرالیسم یک ایدئولوژی است که در اواخر قرن بیستم و بیشتر در عرصه اقتصاد مطرح شده است. پژوهش حاضر در چهارچوب مبحث کلان سیاست و فضا، از دیدگاه تئوریک به‌د‌نبال بررسی تأثیر سیاستهای اقتصادی نئولیبرالیستی بر بروز یا تشدید بحران آب میباشد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که برخی از مؤلفه‌های کلان نئولیبرالیسم نظیر خصوصی‌سازی، تولید غیرمتمرکز، مقررات‌زدایی و بی‌توجهی به نفع عمومی در قالب طیف وسیعی از اقدامات، سیاست‌ها و استراتژی‌ها می‌توانند در بروز بحران آب به‌ویژه در کشورهای در حال توسعه ایفای نقش نمایند. این در حالی است که اتخاذ همین سیاست‌ها در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته منجر به عدم مواجهه آنها با بحران آب میشود چرا که در چهارچوب این ایدئولوژی تلاش می‌کنند تا ترجیحاً بخش آب‌بَر و ضد محیط زیستی فرایندهای تولید و فعالیتهای اقتصادی خود را به خارج از کشور و فضاهایی که از نظر مقررات محیط زیستی و ... ضعیف هستند، منتقل کنند.

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