واکاوی برچگونگی توسعه‌ی روش‌های ارزیابی شاخص سبزینگی در مناظر شهری

نوع مقاله : مروری تحلیلی

نویسندگان
گروه معماری، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران.
چکیده


چکیده

در اواسط قرن بیستم میلادی، رشد سریع جمعیت شهرنشین و به‌دنبال آن، تراکم بالای ساختمانی، بیش از هر زمان دیگری توجه ویژه‌ی برنامه‌ریزان و طراحان شهری را به مقوله‌ی پوشش گیاهی شهری جلب کرد تا از این طریق بتوانند با کنترل عوامل مخرب زیست‌محیطی، همچون آلودگی هوا، تأثیرات ناشی از جزایر گرمایی شهری و دیگر آلودگی‌های منبعث از مناطق شهری، زمینه را برای ارتقاء کیفیت‌های روان‌شناختی محیطی شهرنشینان با درنظر گرفتن میزان مناسب سبزینگی در چشم‌اندازهای شهریشان به‌طور هم‌زمان فراهم کنند. در این راستا، روش‌ها و تکنیک‌های متفاوتی برای ارزیابی و تخمین کمیت فضاهای سبز و عملکرد آن‌ها گسترش یافته است. به‌دست آوردن شاخص‌های سبزینگی متعدد در موقعیت‌های گوناگون درراستای درک میزان تأثیرگذاری سبزینگی بر عملکردهای مناظر شهری ازجمله تلاش‌های متخصصان عرصه‌ی شهری در چند دهه‌ی اخیر بوده است که هریک با هدف و روشی متمایز ارائه شده‌اند. در تحقیق حاضر، با معرفی شاخص‌های گوناگون سبزینگی، سلسله‌مراتب شکل‌گیری، روش‌های ارزیابی و بیان نقاط ضعف و قوت هریک درخصوص اثرگذاری مؤثرشان در مناظر شهری، این نتیجه حاصل شده است که روش‌های عینی با نگاه سه‌بُعدی مزیت بیشتری درمقایسه با روش‌های ذهنی و همچنین روش‌های عینی با نگاه دوبُعدی دارند؛ زیرا به واقعیت موجود نزدیک‌تر و عاری از مشکلات روش‌های ذهنی هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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