تحلیلی بر عوامل و اثرات تبدیل روستا به شهر بر نظام شهری استان گیلان (1335-1395)

نویسندگان
1 استاد، دانشکده شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
در چند دهه اخیر تبدیل روستا به شهر به‌عنوان یکی از ابعاد اساسی موثر بر شهرنشینی در ایران قابل مشاهده است و عوامل، فرایندها، الگوها و ملاک‌های دخیل بر این امر و پیامدهای حاصل از آن بر تغییر شهرها و نظام شهری، توجهات زیادی را در میان پژوهشگران به خود جلب نموده‌است. گرچه روند تبدیل نقاط روستایی به شهر در تمام کشور با درجات متفاوتی از شدت و سرعت رخ داده‌است، با این حال این امر در برخی از نقاط کشور دارای اهمیت بیشتری برای مطالعه است که یکی از این مناطق استان گیلان می‌باشد. وجود اراضی مستعد کشاورزی، فشردگی سکونتگاه‌های شهری و روستایی در کنار یکدیگر، تراکم بالای جمعیت در پهنه سرزمین، در کنار نرخ بالای افزایش شمار شهرها طی چند دهه گذشته در منطقه مورد نظر، از جمله ویژگی‌هایی هستند که ضرورت این امر را روشن می‌سازند. هدف این مقاله تبیین و دسته‌بندی عوامل موثر بر تبدیل روستا به شهر در استان گیلان و تاثیرات آن بر تغییرات نظام شهری استان طی چند دهه اخیر است. از بعد ماهیت تحقیق، این پژوهش را می‌توان از جمله پژوهش‌های استقرایی-قیاسی دانست. روش به کار گرفته‌شده ‌در این پژوهش، روش توصیفی-ارزیابی و روش گردآوری داده‌ها به‌صورت اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای است. مطالعه نظام شهری استان گیلان نشان می‌دهد از آنجایی‌که در چند دهه اخیر، تعداد زیادی از شهرهای استان را شهرهای کمتر از 5000 نفر تشکیل داده‌اند، پیدایش شهرهای کم‌جمعیت در استان اساسا تحت تأثیر سیاستها و تصمیمات دولتی بوده‌است. نرخ شدید تبدیل روستا به شهر در چند دهه اخیر، خصوصا پس از انقلاب اسلامی در برابر رشد سریع شهر رشت به‌عنوان کلانشهر منطقه‌ای، سبب شده‌ تا این دسته از شهرها نتوانند در سلسله مراتب نظام شهری جایگاه شایسته‌ای برای خود فراهم کنند. بنابراین، تبدیل روستا به شهر به تعدیل نظام شهری منجر نشده‌ و نیاز به تغییر در الگوهای برنامه‌ریزی فضایی استان وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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