تحلیل فضایی الگوی مسکن پایدار روستایی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای استان مازندران)

نویسندگان
1 دانشگتاه تربیت مدرس دانشکده انسانیطبقه 2
2 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
3 دانشگاه تربیت مدرسگروه جغرافیا و برنام ریزی روستایی
چکیده
مسکن چیزی بیش از یک سرپناه صرفاً فیزیکی است و تمامی خدمات و تسهیلات عمومی لازم برای بهتر زندگی کردن انسان را شامل می‌شود و استفاده‌کننده آن باید حق تصرف به نسبت طولانی و مطمئنی را نسبت به آن دارا باشد. مسکن انسان صرف نظر از ابعاد فیزیکی و ضوابط طبیعی و اقلیمی، تحت تأثیر عوامل فرهنگیِ جامعه، باورها و الزامات فرامـادی زنـدگی قرار دارد که سکونت انسان را معنا می‌بخشند. ویژگی‌های مسکن برحسب شرایط محلی و منطقه‌ای اگرچه متفاوت محسوب می‌شود، ولی مناسبات فضایی حاکم بر آن از قاعده‌مندی و اصول یکسانی تبعیت کرده که ثبات و پایداری مسکن را تبیین می‌کند. تحلیل فضایی الگوی مسکن پایدار مبین آن است که تداوم، کارآیی، سازگاری، پویایی، مطلوبیت بصری، استحکام و یکپارچگی شاکله‌های مبنایی در تحلیل پایداری به شمار می‌آیند. بدین ترتیب تحقیق حاضر با هدف تحلیل فضایی الگوی مسکن پایدار بر معنا بخشی مؤلفه‌های کلیدی مسکن پایدار متمرکز بوده و تشابهات و افتراقات فضایی آن را در سطح سکونت‌گاه‌های روستایی استان مازندران مورد تحلیل قرار داده است. جمع‌آوری داده‌ها در این تحقیق با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه و در سطح سه تیپ روستاهای ساحلی، کوهپایه‌ای و کوهستانی انجام شده است. حجم نمونه پژوهش با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 465 نفر تعیین شده است. نتایج تحقیق مبین آن است که میانگین میزان توجه به مؤلفه‌های پایداری مسکن در روستاهای تیپ ساحلی با میانگین 71/1 در وضعیت مطلوب‌تری نسبت به روستاهای کوهستانی با میانگین 55/1 و کوهپایه‌ای با میانگین 53/1 قرار دارد. میانگین کل پایداری مسکن در روستاها 54/1 که نشان‌دهنده پایداری کم مسکن روستایی در استان مازندران است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Iranmanesh, Elahe, Nosratpour, Darya, Mirshak Daghian, Maryam, Hadi, Marzieh, providing indices of local house designing with a focus on climate urban design; a case study: Kerman City, urban management, No. 38, Spring 1394, pp. 347-370 [in Persian]
Athari, Kamal, “Poverty of housing in Iran: poverty of social politics”, quarterly of Social welfare, No 18, pp 128-113, 1384. [in Persian]
Ijtehadnejad Kashani, Seyed Salar, Parviz Ejlali, Hossein, “Theoretical and conceptual research about cultural development from a social standpoint”, quarterly of social sciences, No. 64, 1393. [in Persian]
Afshari, Mohsen; Pourdeyhimi, Shahram; Saleh Sedghpour, Bahram, “Environmental Adaptation to Human Life Style (a theoretical framework, a case study)”, housing and rural environment, volume 34, No 152, pp 3-16, 1394 [in Persian]
Eliade, Mircea, The sacred and the profane, translated by Nasro-llah Zangui, second edition, Tehran, Sorush Press The, 1378. [in Persian]
Bagheri, Mohammad; Issa, Hojjat; Dashti, Mina, “Evaluating Evolution of Pattern Language in House Designing, a Case Study: Qajar and Contemporarily Housing in Zanjan City, Biannual Journal of Art Univesity, No. 14, p 141-156, 1393. [in Persian]
Benin, Michel, “Sustainable Desert Housing, from a habitat to a desert community”; Geography education developing, Vol 28. No. 1, 1387. [in Persian]
Behtash, Farzad, Soleymani, Mohammad (1385), “A theory on sanitation and retrofitting rural houses in Iran against natural disasters”, second conference on international crisis management in natural hazards [in Persian]http://www.civilica.com/Paper-INDM02-INDM02_128.html.
Behforouz, Fatemeh, major themes in human geography, Univesity of Tehran press, Tehran, 1374. [in Persian]
Beyti, Hamed, “evaluating status of local patterns in rural housing programs: a case study: Eastern Azerbijan Province” Quarterly of Urban management, no. 29, spring and summer 1391, pp 115-130, 1391. [in Persian]
Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution, “Studying Skeletal Design Pattern in Village in City Propers” 1387. [in Persian]
Bonyaddasht, Abolghasem, Studying Skeletal Effects of House Loans on Developing of Rural Areas, a case study: Bahmai County, Master’s thesis, University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, 1392. [in Persian]
Bahrami, Rahmato-llah, Analysis of rural housing situation in Kermanshah Province and remedies for retrofitting”, Journal of rural housing and environment, volume 30, no. 134, pp 95-104, 1390. [in Persian]
Pourdeyhimi, Shahram, “Culture and housing”, Quarterly of rural housing and environment, no. 134, pp 3-18, 1390. [in Persian]
Pourtaheri, Mahdi, Rokno-ddin Eftekhari Abdol-Reza, Nikbakht, Mansoureh, “effects of cultural change on rural housing pattern (a case study: village of Central division of Qazvin)”, Science Research Quarterly of Geographical Space, eleventh year, no. 35, Fall 1390, pp 115-134, 1390. [in Persian]
Pourtaheri, Mahdi, Naghavi, Mohammadreza, “skeletal developing of rural habitats with a sustainable approach (concepts, theories, strategies)”, Quarterly of rural housing and environment, no. 137, spring 1391. [in Persian]
Pourtaheri, Mahdi, PhD course handout on skeletal programming of rural habitats, Tarbiat Modares University, faculty of humanities, Department of Geography, 1392. [in Persian]
Partovi, Parvin, place phenomenology, Tehran, Farhangestan Honar Press, 1387. [in Persian]
Pirnia, Mohammad Karim, Iranian Architecture, compiled by Gholamhossein Memarain, Sorush danesh press, 1387. [in Persian]
Jaafarpour, Ebrahim, Climatology, Tehran, University of Tehran press, 1383. [in Persian]
Hssanzadeh, Alireza, “religion and power: socio-religious base of Gilani Women in three perspective”, by Mirshokrai & Hassanzadeh, Tehran, Nay Press, pp 243-280, 1382. [in Persian]
Hekmatnia, Hassan, Jhinus, Ansari, “Urban House Planning in Meibod with a Sustainable Development Approach”, Human Geographic Researches, No 79, Spring, pp 191-207, 1391.
Khodabandelu, Zahra, Khorramshahi, Maryam, “recognizing aesthetic in rural housing”, Journal of Abadi, serial 60, No.25, 1387. [in Persian]
Khakpour, Mojgan & Shiekh Mahdi, Ali, “studying cultural and social change influence on rural housing in Gilan Province”, Urban management, No. 27, pp 229-246, 1390 [in Persian]
Khakpour, Mojhgan, influence of social and cultural factors on forming local housing in Gilan’s villages (with emphasis on women role) Ph.D. thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, 1391. [in Persian]
Rokn0-ldin Eftekhari; Abol-Reza, Hajipour, Mojtaba, Fattahi, Ahad, Paydarkolsang, Abuzar, “studying on adaptation of new constructions in rural areas with local architecture and satisfaction of rural habitants, a case study: Central Division of Delfan County”, Quarterly of rural housing and environments, no. 139, 85-98, 1391. [in Persian]
Dadashpour, Hashem, Allizadeh, Bahram, “The relationship between possession security and quality of the house in the informal habitats in Islam-abad of Tehran”, Journal of Entity of City, Vol. 4, No. 7, pp 31-42, 1389. [in Persian]
Rapoport, Amos, The meaning of built environment: A Nonverbal communication approach” translated by Farah, Habib, Urban processing and planning press, Iran, Tehran, 1384. [in Persian]
Rapoport, Amos, Urban culture and discipline”, translated by Somayeh Jirani, the website of anthropology and culture, 1385. [in Persian]
Rapoport, Amos, anthropology of housing, translated by Khosrow Afzalian, Tehran, Hefeye honarmand press, 1388. [in Persian]
Raheb, Ghazal, Typology of house forming zones in rural habitats in Iran interacting with environmental factors”, Journal of Honahaye ziba-memari-va-shahrsazi, Vol 19, No. 4, pp 87-100, 1393. [in Persian]
Roche, Guy, Talcott Parsons’s sociology, translated by Abdol-Hossein Nikgohar, Tehran, Ney press, 1391. [in Persian]
Zargar, Akbar, An Introduction to Iranian rural architecture, Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University, 1387. [in Persian]
Zandieh, Mahdi, Hesari, Pedram, “Rural Housing Architecture Continuity motivated by rural sustainable development”, Rural housing and environment, Summer 1391, pp, 63-73, 1391. [in Persian]
Zanieh, Mahdi, Eghbali, Seyed Rahman, Hesari, Pedram, “flexible house designing methods”, Vol 1, No.1, 95-105, 1390. [in Persian]
Iranian management and planning organization, population and house census in 1385, department of information and statistics, Tehran, 1390. [in Persian]
Sartipipour, Mohsen, “indices of rural housing architecture in Iran”, Journal of Honarhaye Ziba, No. 22, 43-52, 1384. [in Persian]
Sartipipour, Mohsen, “Rural Housing in Development Planning”, Honahaye Ziba, No.27, fall 1385, pp. 47-56, 1385. [in Persian]
Sartipipour, Mohsen, “Analyzing rural housing in Sistan va Bluchestan Province and proposing future attitude” Geogrphia (scientific research quarterly of Iranian geographic society), new volume, 8th year, No. 27, winter 1389. [in Persian]
Sartipipour, Mohsen, “Pathology of rural architecture- into the desirable habitat”, Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University press, 1388. [in Persian]
Sartipipour, Mohsen, “Analyzing rural housing in Iran”, biannual journal of Soffeh, Vol 19, No. 49, pp 47-60, 1388. [in Persian]
Sartipipour, Mohsen, “indices of rural housing architecture in Iran”, Journal of Honarhaye Ziba, No. 22, pp 43-52, 1384. [in Persian]
Saidi, Abbas, Amini, Fariba, “studying habitat instability of and function change in rural houses, case: Khezr Village (Natanz-Badrud Division)”, Scientific Research Quarterly of Iranian Geography Society, No. 27, pp 29-43, 1389. [in Persian]
Soltana, Rghayeh, Rural housing in Bangladesh”, researches of first international conference of rural housing, 1390. [in Persian]
Shieh, Esmaeel, an introduction to principles of urban planning, Iranian University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 1385. [in Persian]
Shafaee, Minoo, Madani, Ramin, “Explaining research method for surveying in rural housing design”, Armanshahr, no. 7, fall and winter 1390, pp. 17-30, 1390. [in Persian]
Askari Khanghah, Asghar and Sharif Kamali, Mohammad (1390), general anthropology, Tehran, The Organization for Researching and Composing Univesity Textbooks in the Humanities (SAMT) [in Persian]
Arabi, Ruzbeh, Haghani, Marzieh (1389), “Sustainable housing”, 3rd conference for retrofitting and urban management in Azad University, Khomein Unit, (pp. 341-356) [in Persian]
Ali Alhesabi, Mehran and Borhani Darian, Farnaz (1385), “flexible housing”, journal of rural housing and environment, No. 117, pp. 20-35 [in Persian]
Ainali, Jamshid, Farhani, Rumiani, Ahmad (1392), “Analyzing the role of social capital in developing rural tourism with emphasis on second houses: a case study in rural district of Hessar Valiasr in Buin Zahra County”, Journal of tourism planning and development, volume 2, no. 6, pp. 52-74 [in Persian]
Aineefar, Alireza (1382), “A pattern for analyzing flexibility of housing in Iran”, journal of Honarhaye Ziba, no. 13, 64-77 [in Persian]
Ghaznavian, Zahra (1391), anthropology urban house space, from desirability to reality, master’s thesis, supervisor professor: Naser Fakuhi, University of Tehran, faculty of social science [in Persian]
Ghobadian, Vahid (1382), “Architecture Naseri Period Capital, tradition and modernism in contemporary architecture in Tehran, compilation, Pashutan & Mohandesin Moshave Memari Sefid press [in Persian]
Gholizade, Aliakbar (1378), housing and unequal access to sources, journal of Neshat, Tir 20, Tehran [in Persian]
Lotfi, Abdolghder, Ahmadi, Maliheh, Hossienzade Fajud, Davud (1388), “Indices and components required for rural planning and policy making in Iran”, geographic quarterly of Environment preparation, no. 7, pp. 89-109 [in Persian]
Lenski, Gerhard and Jane Lenski (1374), Human Societies, translated by Naser Movafghian, 2nd edition, Tehran, Vitruvius scientific and cultural press (1987), ten book on architecture, Rima Fayaz, Tehran, Art University, department of research [in Persian]
Mokhber (1363), social aspects of housing, planning and budget organization, Tehran [in Persian]
Mohammadi, Razavian, Mohammadtaghi (1390), studying house indices situation in Sardasht County, Western Azerbijan Province” Quarterly of environmental preparation, Vol 5, No. 17, pp. 87-110 [in Persian]
Mahdian, Azizollah, Saritpipour, Mohsen, “A review of rural housing improvement and future perspective”, rural housing and environment, winter 1391, No. 140, pp. 3-12, 1391.
Noghrekar, Abdolhamid “influence of Islamic traditions on house and district architecture” second conference of civil engineering researches, housing, 1387. [in Persian]
Nikkhalgh, Aliakbar, an introduction of rural sociology in Iran, Tehran, Iranian Institute for sciences and development communication, 1385. [in Persian]
Afghanistan. M.R.R.D., Provision of shelter assistance to vulnerable families in rural Afghanistan-government guidelines for agencies funding, implementing and monitoring shelter activities in rural Afghanistan. Final Draft, 13 April 2003.
Alexander, C (1975). The Oregon experiment. NewYork: Oxford University Press.https://www.amazon.com/Oregon-Experiment-Center-Environmental-Structure/dp/0195018249
Alexander, C., S. Ishikawa, M. Silverstein (1977). A pattern language: towns, buildings, construction. New York: Oxford University Press.https://www.amazon.com/Pattern-Language-Buildings-Construction-Environmental/dp/0195019199
Aslihan Karatasa, Khaled El-Rayesb, Optimizing tradeoffs among housing sustainability objectives, Automation in Construction 53, 2015, 83–94 Journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/ locate/autcon
Angus J Macdonald, Structure and Architecture, Architectural Press, Department of Architecture, University of Edinburgh Second edition, 2001.
Broome, J. Mass housing cannot be sustained. In: Peter Blundel Jones, Doina Petrescu, Jeremy till (Eds.) Architecture and participation. London: Spon Press, 2005.
Dikmen Nese, TahiraElias-Ozkan,Sofia, (2016),Housing after disaster: A post occupancy evaluation of a reconstruction project, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, journalhomepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijdrr, pp:167-178
Bossel, H., Indicators for Sustainable Development: Theory, Method, Applications. A Report to the Balaton, Group, IISD, Canada, 1999.
Calogero M. Santoro, José M. Capriles, Eugenia M. Gayo, María Eugenia de Porras, Antonio Maldonado, Vivien G. Standen, Claudio Latorre, Victoria Castro, Dante Angelo,Virginia McRostie, Mauricio Uribe, Daniela Valenzuela, Paula C. Ugalde, Pablo A. Marquet, Continuities and discontinuities in the socio-environmental systems of the Atacama Desert during the last 13,000 year, Journal of Anthropological Archaeologyjournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/ locate/ jaa, 2016.
ERRA-Pakistan (2006). Building back better: rural housing reconstruction strategy of earthquake hit districts in NWFP and AJK. Karachi:Draft policy document rural housing reconstruction.http://www.erra.pk/reports/ERRA%20Rural%20housing%20reconstruction%20strategy.pdf
Department of Rural Management and Development Government of Sikkim (2013). Chief Minister’s Rural Housing Mission, to achieve Kutcha House Free State, Owner-driven conversion of kutcha house to pucca for the rural poor Operational Guidelines.
- Gallent, N. (2009), housing rural, journal of international encyclopedia of human geography, vol. 7, pp. 207-212.
Habraken, N.J. (1998). The structure of the ordinary: form and control in the built environment, Cambridge, The MIT Press. https://www.amazon.com/Structure-Ordinary-Control-Built-Environment/dp/0262581957
Yongqiang Li, Wei Yu, Baizhan Li. Runming Yao (2016)A multidimensional model for green building assessment: A casestudy of a highest-rated project in Chongqing, Energy and Buildings 125 (2016) 231–243, journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/enbuild
Lonard R. Bachman, Integrated Buildings: The Systems Basis of Architecture, john wiley& sons, January 2003
Moatasim, F. (2005). Practice of community architecture: a case study of zone of opportunity housing cooperative, Montreal. School of Architecture, McGill University
Pultar, M. (2000). Ethics and the built environment. Editor: Fox, W., London: Routledge.
Turner, J. (1977). Housing by People: Towards Autonomy in Building Environments. New York: Marion Boyars. Published by Pantheon Books, 1977,ISBN 10: 0394409027 / ISBN 13: 9780394409023
Rapoport, A. (2005). Culture, Architecture, and Design. Chicago, Illinois: Locke Science Publishing Company, Inc.
Schneider, T., & Till, J. (2005) Flexible Housing: The Means to the End. 287-296.
Uni, K.R. (1965). Dimensions of Change in Village Homes and House Groupings. The Rural Habitat, Editors: Oakly, D., Unni, K., New Delhi: The School of Planning & Architecture.