Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics 1605-9689 28 4 2024 12 21 The Effect of Fare Changes and Other Price Shocks on Passenger Behavior and Distribution in Urban Transportation Systems: (Case Study, Mashhad Metropolis) The Effect of Fare Changes and Other Price Shocks on Passenger Behavior and Distribution in Urban Transportation Systems: (Case Study, Mashhad Metropolis) 1 24 14778 FA Rostam Saberifar Payam-e-Noor University Journal Article Navigating urban environments, regardless of the mode of transport employed, incurs a variety of both tangible and intangible expenditures. Consequently, any fluctuations in these expenditures are promptly reflected in the behavioral patterns of travelers. A particularly salient variable that is readily quantifiable and whose impact is swiftly observable in the responses of commuters is the alteration in fare structures. Typically, when there are modifications in fare rates or fuel costs, residents tend to make decisions that minimize their financial outlay. Should urban planners possess comprehensive insights into the potential decisions made by residents, they are better equipped to implement requisite strategic planning. To this end, the present research was conducted through a descriptive and analytical framework. The objective was to ascertain the extent to which variations in fares and associated costs influence passenger behavior and to evaluate the corresponding responses of the public transportation system to such behaviors. The requisite data was acquired from the Mashhad Municipality Transportation Organization and subsequently subjected to analysis utilizing the comprehensive vector auto regression methodology. The outcomes of the study indicated that the elimination or reduction of fare significantly alters the utilization patterns of public transportation. It is pertinent to note that, amidst these alterations, various modes of transport do not accommodate identical passenger loads. Furthermore, should fare adjustments occur concurrently with external shocks, such as fluctuations in gasoline prices or alterations in parking fees, there will be a marked increase in passenger density within public transportation systems. In this context, each transportation system (e.g., bus, subway, etc.) is likely to garner a distinct proportion of passengers. Consequently, it is imperative that policies are instituted in such a manner that they effectively address the needs of citizens while simultaneously preventing any disruption to the urban transportation infrastructure. Navigating urban environments, regardless of the mode of transport employed, incurs a variety of both tangible and intangible expenditures. Consequently, any fluctuations in these expenditures are promptly reflected in the behavioral patterns of travelers. A particularly salient variable that is readily quantifiable and whose impact is swiftly observable in the responses of commuters is the alteration in fare structures. Typically, when there are modifications in fare rates or fuel costs, residents tend to make decisions that minimize their financial outlay. Should urban planners possess comprehensive insights into the potential decisions made by residents, they are better equipped to implement requisite strategic planning. To this end, the present research was conducted through a descriptive and analytical framework. The objective was to ascertain the extent to which variations in fares and associated costs influence passenger behavior and to evaluate the corresponding responses of the public transportation system to such behaviors. The requisite data was acquired from the Mashhad Municipality Transportation Organization and subsequently subjected to analysis utilizing the comprehensive vector auto regression methodology. The outcomes of the study indicated that the elimination or reduction of fare significantly alters the utilization patterns of public transportation. It is pertinent to note that, amidst these alterations, various modes of transport do not accommodate identical passenger loads. Furthermore, should fare adjustments occur concurrently with external shocks, such as fluctuations in gasoline prices or alterations in parking fees, there will be a marked increase in passenger density within public transportation systems. In this context, each transportation system (e.g., bus, subway, etc.) is likely to garner a distinct proportion of passengers. Consequently, it is imperative that policies are instituted in such a manner that they effectively address the needs of citizens while simultaneously preventing any disruption to the urban transportation infrastructure.

https://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article_14778_9167d3136c6495ed5e73160749d32625.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics 1605-9689 28 4 2024 12 21 Exploring Online Data to Analyze Tourist Satisfaction with Eco-Lodges (Case Study: Zanjan Province) Exploring Online Data to Analyze Tourist Satisfaction with Eco-Lodges (Case Study: Zanjan Province) 25 53 14779 FA Fayyaz Aghamohammmadloo Master’s Candidate, Department of Human Geography, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran. Reyhaneh Shamoradi Samani Master’s Candidate, Department of Human Geography, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran Athareh Ayashi Ph.D. Graduate in Human Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Zebihollah Torabi Assistant Professor, Department of Human Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-9347-2722 Hasan Ali Faraji Sabokbar Ph.D. in Department of Human Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Ali Reza Darban Astaneh Associate Professor, Department of Human Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-7977-7116 Journal Article This research endeavors to delineate and scrutinize the principal determinants that affect tourist satisfaction with eco-lodges situated in Zanjan Province, as well as to investigate the spatial correlations pertinent to these determinants utilizing online data. In order to fulfill this objective, data were procured from the Jabama platform via automated web mining techniques (n=59), which were subsequently subjected to both statistical and spatial analyses. The findings derived from stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the most salient predictors of tourist satisfaction encompassed location (β = 0.372, p < 0.01), price value (β = 0.343, p < 0.01), and information accuracy (β = 0.292, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the spatial autocorrelation analysis conducted through the Local Moran’s I index revealed the existence of statistically significant clusters of tourist satisfaction, particularly in proximity to prominent attractions such as the Soltaniyeh Dome, where levels of satisfaction were notably elevated. The empirical results indicate that these three variables in unison account for 69% of the variability in tourist satisfaction. The implications of this study can guide eco-lodge administrators and tourism policymakers in refining service strategies and pricing frameworks, thereby elevating visitor satisfaction and fostering the sustainable advancement of nature-based tourism in Zanjan Province. This research endeavors to delineate and scrutinize the principal determinants that affect tourist satisfaction with eco-lodges situated in Zanjan Province, as well as to investigate the spatial correlations pertinent to these determinants utilizing online data. In order to fulfill this objective, data were procured from the Jabama platform via automated web mining techniques (n=59), which were subsequently subjected to both statistical and spatial analyses. The findings derived from stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the most salient predictors of tourist satisfaction encompassed location (β = 0.372, p < 0.01), price value (β = 0.343, p < 0.01), and information accuracy (β = 0.292, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the spatial autocorrelation analysis conducted through the Local Moran’s I index revealed the existence of statistically significant clusters of tourist satisfaction, particularly in proximity to prominent attractions such as the Soltaniyeh Dome, where levels of satisfaction were notably elevated. The empirical results indicate that these three variables in unison account for 69% of the variability in tourist satisfaction. The implications of this study can guide eco-lodge administrators and tourism policymakers in refining service strategies and pricing frameworks, thereby elevating visitor satisfaction and fostering the sustainable advancement of nature-based tourism in Zanjan Province.

https://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article_14779_0fa0a367bebe0a86970effd56746c459.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics 1605-9689 28 4 2024 12 21 Analyzing the relationship between good urban governance and environmental justice in the city of Mashhad Analyzing the relationship between good urban governance and environmental justice in the city of Mashhad 123 149 14734 FA Rouhollah Asadi Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Marziyeh Msabouri PhD student in Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad Journal Article Environmental justice means the pursuit of justice and equal protection, based on the law, in all environmental conditions without discrimination based on race, ethnicity, or the economic and social status of individuals. In the urban planning system, it is very important to identify the factors that play a role in realizing environmental justice; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of good urban governance indicators on the state of environmental justice in Mashhad. The research method in this research is descriptive, analytical and based on documentary and library studies. In the field section, a questionnaire with 37 items in eight indicators was designed and after verifying validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95), it was distributed among a statistical sample of 384 citizens of the thirteen districts of Mashhad. Data analysis was done using statistical tests in SPSS software and spatial analysis in GIS.The findings show that the indicators of good urban governance, including participation, legality, accountability, and transparency, are below the standard level (average of 3) in most areas of Mashhad, and this has had a negative impact on environmental justice. Only seven and eleven regions performed well in some indicators. The future path suggests that urban management promotes environmental justice by focusing on increasing public participation and transparency. Environmental justice means the pursuit of justice and equal protection, based on the law, in all environmental conditions without discrimination based on race, ethnicity, or the economic and social status of individuals. In the urban planning system, it is very important to identify the factors that play a role in realizing environmental justice; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of good urban governance indicators on the state of environmental justice in Mashhad. The research method in this research is descriptive, analytical and based on documentary and library studies. In the field section, a questionnaire with 37 items in eight indicators was designed and after verifying validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95), it was distributed among a statistical sample of 384 citizens of the thirteen districts of Mashhad. Data analysis was done using statistical tests in SPSS software and spatial analysis in GIS.The findings show that the indicators of good urban governance, including participation, legality, accountability, and transparency, are below the standard level (average of 3) in most areas of Mashhad, and this has had a negative impact on environmental justice. Only seven and eleven regions performed well in some indicators. The future path suggests that urban management promotes environmental justice by focusing on increasing public participation and transparency.

https://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article_14734_548bada0dbbcaf6d92cc76c5b773e7b9.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics 1605-9689 28 4 2024 12 21 Identifying and analyzing factors affecting institutional capacity based on an integrated urban development approach (Case study: Shahrekord city) Identifying and analyzing factors affecting institutional capacity based on an integrated urban development approach (Case study: Shahrekord city) 54 95 14780 FA Jafar Saeedi PhD in Geography and Urban Planning, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. Sattar Sadeghi Dehcheshmeh Associate Professor of Sociology and Faculty Member of Tourism Management Department, Shahrekord University Seyed Mohsen Mousavian Master's student in Urban Planning, Noor Hedayat Institute of Higher Education, Shahrekord, Iran. Journal Article The current investigation was undertaken to clarify the elements constituting institutional capacity in the context of integrated urban development within the city of Shahrekord. This research is classified as applied with respect to its objectives and descriptive-analytical concerning its nature and methodology. The statistical population for this study comprised 37 university scholars, subject-matter experts, and managerial personnel from institutional organizations who possessed the requisite knowledge and experience pertinent to the study's aims and parameters. These specialists were chosen utilizing purposive and chain sampling techniques. For the purpose of data analysis, the structural analysis methodology was employed utilizing the MicMac software framework. In the initial phase, through the processes of documentary analysis and library research, followed by the incorporation of expert opinions, five components were discerned, specifically "institutional integrity, institutional capability, institutional learning, legal arrangements, and institutional knowledge and innovation," in addition to 51 underlying components. In the subsequent phase, the findings derived from the analyses undertaken to assess the stability or instability of the system suggested that the dispersion pattern of institutional capacity variables within the urban development framework of Shahrekord signifies an "unstable state" of the system, wherein the variables predominantly exhibited an intermediate condition of influence and being influenced. Furthermore, the contribution of variables impacting institutional capacity in the integrated urban development of Shahr-e Kord was systematically ranked according to both direct and indirect effects. Based on the evaluations of specialists, from the 51 variables analyzed, 18 variables were identified and deemed pivotal in influencing institutional capacity within the context of urban development in Shahr-e Kord, as determined by the aggregate scores acquired. The current investigation was undertaken to clarify the elements constituting institutional capacity in the context of integrated urban development within the city of Shahrekord. This research is classified as applied with respect to its objectives and descriptive-analytical concerning its nature and methodology. The statistical population for this study comprised 37 university scholars, subject-matter experts, and managerial personnel from institutional organizations who possessed the requisite knowledge and experience pertinent to the study's aims and parameters. These specialists were chosen utilizing purposive and chain sampling techniques. For the purpose of data analysis, the structural analysis methodology was employed utilizing the MicMac software framework. In the initial phase, through the processes of documentary analysis and library research, followed by the incorporation of expert opinions, five components were discerned, specifically "institutional integrity, institutional capability, institutional learning, legal arrangements, and institutional knowledge and innovation," in addition to 51 underlying components. In the subsequent phase, the findings derived from the analyses undertaken to assess the stability or instability of the system suggested that the dispersion pattern of institutional capacity variables within the urban development framework of Shahrekord signifies an "unstable state" of the system, wherein the variables predominantly exhibited an intermediate condition of influence and being influenced. Furthermore, the contribution of variables impacting institutional capacity in the integrated urban development of Shahr-e Kord was systematically ranked according to both direct and indirect effects. Based on the evaluations of specialists, from the 51 variables analyzed, 18 variables were identified and deemed pivotal in influencing institutional capacity within the context of urban development in Shahr-e Kord, as determined by the aggregate scores acquired.

https://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article_14780_2c962286fbefcdacf78ceaef61c6c3fe.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics 1605-9689 28 4 2024 12 21 Applying integrated ISM-MICMAC approach in the development of sustainable tourism (case study: âArdakan city) Applying integrated ISM-MICMAC approach in the development of sustainable tourism (case study: âArdakan city) 96 122 14781 FA Fatemeh Shaker Ardakani Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, ‎Ardakan University, P.O. Box 184, Ardakan, Iran Tahereh Ardakani Assistant Professor,Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering,Faculty of Agriculture and ‎Natural Resources, Ardakan University, P.O. Box 184, Ardakan, Iran 0009-0008-3702-6817 Malihe Erfani Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, ‎University ‎of Zabol‎, Zabol, Iran‎ Gholamrezai ‎ Siyahati Ardakan Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, ‎Ardakan University, P.O. Box 184, Ardakan, Iran Journal Article This investigation was carried out with the objective of elucidating the principal factors influencing the evolution of the tourism sector, with the intention of offering strategic planning solutions that facilitate the sustainable advancement of this industry. This research was executed utilizing an exploratory futures studies methodology, employing a synergistic approach that incorporates Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) alongside MICMAC software to systematically assess the determinants of tourism development and ascertain the hierarchical interrelationships amongst them within the context of Ardakan city. A total of ten primary and independent drivers were discerned, characterized by their direct and indirect impacts, through a rigorous screening process based on their effectiveness and susceptibility. The findings reveal that the ten pivotal and independent drivers include: the absence of integrated management and a unique stewardship of natural and cultural tourism resources; the deficiency of long-term planning and a sustainable developmental perspective; a lack of tourism-oriented politicians occupying high-level decision-making positions; the unfamiliarity of certain managers, decision-makers, and contractors with the socio-economic and ecological characteristics of the region; inadequate planning within the tourism sector; public apathy and a lack of communal cooperation in safeguarding the natural environment; the exclusion of academic expertise in the decision-making processes and oversight of executive initiatives; insufficient public participation in decisions that pertain to their lives and livelihoods; the failure to allocate approved funding or the misallocation of financial resources at inappropriate times as well as the improper utilization of allocated budgets; and a lack of needs assessment and prioritization of management actions grounded in direct public opinion. These findings may serve as a strategic framework for tourism planners and administrators in order to devise suitable platforms and deliver specialized education aimed at surmounting existing challenges and attaining sustainable and holistic tourism development within the region. This investigation was carried out with the objective of elucidating the principal factors influencing the evolution of the tourism sector, with the intention of offering strategic planning solutions that facilitate the sustainable advancement of this industry. This research was executed utilizing an exploratory futures studies methodology, employing a synergistic approach that incorporates Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) alongside MICMAC software to systematically assess the determinants of tourism development and ascertain the hierarchical interrelationships amongst them within the context of Ardakan city. A total of ten primary and independent drivers were discerned, characterized by their direct and indirect impacts, through a rigorous screening process based on their effectiveness and susceptibility. The findings reveal that the ten pivotal and independent drivers include: the absence of integrated management and a unique stewardship of natural and cultural tourism resources; the deficiency of long-term planning and a sustainable developmental perspective; a lack of tourism-oriented politicians occupying high-level decision-making positions; the unfamiliarity of certain managers, decision-makers, and contractors with the socio-economic and ecological characteristics of the region; inadequate planning within the tourism sector; public apathy and a lack of communal cooperation in safeguarding the natural environment; the exclusion of academic expertise in the decision-making processes and oversight of executive initiatives; insufficient public participation in decisions that pertain to their lives and livelihoods; the failure to allocate approved funding or the misallocation of financial resources at inappropriate times as well as the improper utilization of allocated budgets; and a lack of needs assessment and prioritization of management actions grounded in direct public opinion. These findings may serve as a strategic framework for tourism planners and administrators in order to devise suitable platforms and deliver specialized education aimed at surmounting existing challenges and attaining sustainable and holistic tourism development within the region.

https://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article_14781_215276b5f1710af1573311d289a0e6a9.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics 1605-9689 28 4 2024 12 21 The impact of shadow spaces on the quality of life of citizens in the metropolis of Ahvaz The impact of shadow spaces on the quality of life of citizens in the metropolis of Ahvaz 150 171 24076 FA Afshin Karami Afshin Karami, Assistant Professor of Political Geography, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Abouzar Vafaei Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and tourism,university of Kashan, Kashan, Iran Journal Article The significance and function of shaded areas in the existence and advancement of urban environments in arid regions are profoundly substantial. The physical and ecological ramifications of such spaces within the urban framework and their interplay with the ecological, social, and economic dimensions of urban populations are irrefutable. The summer months in Ahvaz generally exert considerable influences on the quality of life and living standards of residents in this urban center, particularly concerning the timing of their onset and duration. Consequently, this research endeavors to explore the impact of shaded areas on the quality of life of inhabitants in the Ahvaz metropolitan area. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire has been developed, and a survey of Ahwazi residents will be conducted, aiming to scrutinize and evaluate the correlation between shaded spaces and the quality of life of inhabitants through four indicators: urban comfort, adverse comparison, the role of urban governance, and civic responsibility. The findings of the research indicate that the urban center of Ahvaz encounters two principal obstacles in the enhancement of shaded environments. The initial obstacle pertains to the administration of shaded environments by the urban governance framework, while the subsequent obstacle arises from the deteriorated electricity distribution infrastructure and the aerial cable network that is inappropriately extended throughout the urban center of Ahvaz. These two obstacles, by directly influencing the quantity and proliferation of shaded environments, have the potential to significantly impact the quality of life for the residents of Ahvaz. The significance and function of shaded areas in the existence and advancement of urban environments in arid regions are profoundly substantial. The physical and ecological ramifications of such spaces within the urban framework and their interplay with the ecological, social, and economic dimensions of urban populations are irrefutable. The summer months in Ahvaz generally exert considerable influences on the quality of life and living standards of residents in this urban center, particularly concerning the timing of their onset and duration. Consequently, this research endeavors to explore the impact of shaded areas on the quality of life of inhabitants in the Ahvaz metropolitan area. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire has been developed, and a survey of Ahwazi residents will be conducted, aiming to scrutinize and evaluate the correlation between shaded spaces and the quality of life of inhabitants through four indicators: urban comfort, adverse comparison, the role of urban governance, and civic responsibility. The findings of the research indicate that the urban center of Ahvaz encounters two principal obstacles in the enhancement of shaded environments. The initial obstacle pertains to the administration of shaded environments by the urban governance framework, while the subsequent obstacle arises from the deteriorated electricity distribution infrastructure and the aerial cable network that is inappropriately extended throughout the urban center of Ahvaz. These two obstacles, by directly influencing the quantity and proliferation of shaded environments, have the potential to significantly impact the quality of life for the residents of Ahvaz.

https://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article_24076_1866196c5d13d900d7f614232c51a46e.pdf