Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics 1605-9689 26 4 2023 02 20 Analysis of Privilege and Accessibility Level of Olive Crop users to Agricultural Services in Tarom Rural Areas (Zanjan Province) Analysis of Privilege and Accessibility Level of Olive Crop users to Agricultural Services in Tarom Rural Areas (Zanjan Province) 1 27 14727 10.2022/hsmsp.26.4.1 FA Saeid Nasire Zare Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran Sadeg Saghafi Asl Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran Farhad Azizpour Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran Journal Article Accessibility to service delivery system effective on the development of agricultural activities is one of the components that guarantee the economic stability of rural areas (especially in providing production support services and creating employment opportunities in the service sector). By this way, the current research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the level of availability and access of olive crop users to agricultural services in the rural area of Tarom. The research method has been quantitative and based on the logical reasoning. The statistical population included all olive producing rural areas (79 rural areas) as well as all olive users (5762 people) in Tarom. With reference to key concept of agricultural services in the research, this was defined in three groups of support, processing, marketing and sales, in the form of 23 indicators. To collect the data related to selected indicators, the library method, documents, statistical reports and phishing technique were used. To summarize the indicators, the factor analysis method with SPSS software was used to determine the weight of the ANP network analysis model in Super Decision. To know the level of enjoyment of agricultural services, Vicor model, Moran's index, hot spots and geographically-oriented distribution were used in ArcGis. Based on the findings, among 79 olive producing rural areas, 28 were fully privileged in terms of having agricultural services while the rest were semi-privileged in terms of accessibility. This situation in the studied area is influenced by the accessibility factor of (rural) points to urban centers and large rural points. In other words, proximity to urban areas and centers with more population has been an advantage for villages fully equipped with agricultural services. This pattern is the outcome of distribution policy and deployment of services based on a population approach instead of a spatial approach, and on the other hand, it is the result of planning to reduce the role of the government and the centralization of some of the services in rural centers and densely populated centers. Of course, the results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the availability of agricultural services in rural areas and the economic variables of olive production and cultivation. This means that the proper distribution of the level of agricultural services based on capabilities will lead to the use of agricultural development capacities in rural areas. Therefore, in order to achieve development capacities in rural areas, identifying the existing conditions and developing plans for improvement and proper access to services is the most important steps. Accessibility to service delivery system effective on the development of agricultural activities is one of the components that guarantee the economic stability of rural areas (especially in providing production support services and creating employment opportunities in the service sector). By this way, the current research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the level of availability and access of olive crop users to agricultural services in the rural area of Tarom. The research method has been quantitative and based on the logical reasoning. The statistical population included all olive producing rural areas (79 rural areas) as well as all olive users (5762 people) in Tarom. With reference to key concept of agricultural services in the research, this was defined in three groups of support, processing, marketing and sales, in the form of 23 indicators. To collect the data related to selected indicators, the library method, documents, statistical reports and phishing technique were used. To summarize the indicators, the factor analysis method with SPSS software was used to determine the weight of the ANP network analysis model in Super Decision. To know the level of enjoyment of agricultural services, Vicor model, Moran's index, hot spots and geographically-oriented distribution were used in ArcGis. Based on the findings, among 79 olive producing rural areas, 28 were fully privileged in terms of having agricultural services while the rest were semi-privileged in terms of accessibility. This situation in the studied area is influenced by the accessibility factor of (rural) points to urban centers and large rural points. In other words, proximity to urban areas and centers with more population has been an advantage for villages fully equipped with agricultural services. This pattern is the outcome of distribution policy and deployment of services based on a population approach instead of a spatial approach, and on the other hand, it is the result of planning to reduce the role of the government and the centralization of some of the services in rural centers and densely populated centers. Of course, the results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the availability of agricultural services in rural areas and the economic variables of olive production and cultivation. This means that the proper distribution of the level of agricultural services based on capabilities will lead to the use of agricultural development capacities in rural areas. Therefore, in order to achieve development capacities in rural areas, identifying the existing conditions and developing plans for improvement and proper access to services is the most important steps. https://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article_14727_494ad0d24e15c7da81c7ea265c7f4cb4.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics 1605-9689 26 4 2023 02 20 Detection of the spatial distribution pattern of ancient sites during Gudin III associated with climatic and physiographic factors in Silakhor Basin Detection of the spatial distribution pattern of ancient sites during Gudin III associated with climatic and physiographic factors in Silakhor Basin 28 55 14728 10.2022/hsmsp.26.4.2 FA Masoumeh Chanai PhD student of Climatology Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Ata Hassanpour Cultural Heritage Organization Shahriar Khaledi Prof. of Climatology, Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran طیبه Akbari Azirani Assistant Prof. of Climatology Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article Environmental and climatic factors have been found to play a fundamental role in the formation of ancient societies. The Godin III period or the New Bronze Age (1400-2600 BC) has actually been the most important Bronze Age stage in western Iran, which played a key role in the cultural structure and urban formation. The main goal of this research is to reveal the spatial distribution of the Godin III period in relation to climatic conditions and geography of Lorestan province’s Silakhor plain. The results of the spatial autocorrelation analysis indicate that the spatial distribution of Godin III followed a linear cluster pattern, with two climatic factors of precipitation and vegetation being the most important environmental elements. The frequently distributed ancient sites of the Godin III period have a spatial correlation of 0.75 with vegetation in Silakhor Plain showing that more than 75% of the investigated sites fall into the maximum rainfall category. The results dedicated that 90% of the investigated sites are located less than 1 km away from permanent rivers, especially the Silakhor River. Rainfall, vegetation, and surface water sources have created a linear cluster spatial distribution pattern for ancient sites of the Godin III period at the lowest elevation level. The results indicate that the lowest elevation provided the main platform for the Godin III period thus there was the absence of a major threat from the foreign enemy to the mind. Environmental and climatic factors have been found to play a fundamental role in the formation of ancient societies. The Godin III period or the New Bronze Age (1400-2600 BC) has actually been the most important Bronze Age stage in western Iran, which played a key role in the cultural structure and urban formation. The main goal of this research is to reveal the spatial distribution of the Godin III period in relation to climatic conditions and geography of Lorestan province’s Silakhor plain. The results of the spatial autocorrelation analysis indicate that the spatial distribution of Godin III followed a linear cluster pattern, with two climatic factors of precipitation and vegetation being the most important environmental elements. The frequently distributed ancient sites of the Godin III period have a spatial correlation of 0.75 with vegetation in Silakhor Plain showing that more than 75% of the investigated sites fall into the maximum rainfall category. The results dedicated that 90% of the investigated sites are located less than 1 km away from permanent rivers, especially the Silakhor River. Rainfall, vegetation, and surface water sources have created a linear cluster spatial distribution pattern for ancient sites of the Godin III period at the lowest elevation level. The results indicate that the lowest elevation provided the main platform for the Godin III period thus there was the absence of a major threat from the foreign enemy to the mind. https://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article_14728_7a1ccfe60223a5bda015a388f354cf62.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics 1605-9689 26 4 2023 02 20 Evaluation of the competitiveness capacities of Songhor City with emphasis on city branding and creation of investment opportunities Evaluation of the competitiveness capacities of Songhor City with emphasis on city branding and creation of investment opportunities 56 85 14729 10.2022/hsmsp.26.4.3 FA Amirmohammad Amjadian MSc. of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Art, University of Guilan,Rasht,Iran Aliakbar Salaripour Assistant Professor, College of Architecture and Art, University of Guilan,Rasht, Iran Journal Article Competitiveness and branding are relatively new research approaches in the urban and regional planning literature. The purpose of this research is to identify the competitiveness and branding Capabilities of Songhor city as a destination with competitive capabilities. This is analytical-applied research. In the first stage, by distributing a questionnaire among the citizens of Songhor with a sample size of 382 people, the competitive capacities of this destination were examined. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient above 0.7 for the entire questionnaire and for all indicators. Then, using "confirmatory factor analysis" and "amos" software, it was determined that the "economic dimension" has the highest correlation with the competitiveness index of Songhor city. Also, at the level of indicators, "culture and identity", "agriculture", "transportation" and "ecotourism and natural attractions" have had the highest correlation with the dimensions of "social culture", "economic", "environmental physical" and "infrastructure" respectively. In the next step, after presenting the results to the expert community, 7 options were determined for the city, which was categorized in three dimensions: "cultural", "economic" and "tourism". Then these options were categorized again in the form of a paired comparison questionnaire for prioritizing the options using the "ANP" method and distributed among 20 experts. The results of this stage showed that the "economic" criterion is considered the most important one for Songhor city branding. Also, the option of "Sunflowers City" is considered the "main brand" of this city with regard to its "economic" dimension. Competitiveness and branding are relatively new research approaches in the urban and regional planning literature. The purpose of this research is to identify the competitiveness and branding Capabilities of Songhor city as a destination with competitive capabilities. This is analytical-applied research. In the first stage, by distributing a questionnaire among the citizens of Songhor with a sample size of 382 people, the competitive capacities of this destination were examined. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient above 0.7 for the entire questionnaire and for all indicators. Then, using "confirmatory factor analysis" and "amos" software, it was determined that the "economic dimension" has the highest correlation with the competitiveness index of Songhor city. Also, at the level of indicators, "culture and identity", "agriculture", "transportation" and "ecotourism and natural attractions" have had the highest correlation with the dimensions of "social culture", "economic", "environmental physical" and "infrastructure" respectively. In the next step, after presenting the results to the expert community, 7 options were determined for the city, which was categorized in three dimensions: "cultural", "economic" and "tourism". Then these options were categorized again in the form of a paired comparison questionnaire for prioritizing the options using the "ANP" method and distributed among 20 experts. The results of this stage showed that the "economic" criterion is considered the most important one for Songhor city branding. Also, the option of "Sunflowers City" is considered the "main brand" of this city with regard to its "economic" dimension. https://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article_14729_24e709bb46c4ae9841eecac2a9e8c503.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics 1605-9689 26 4 2023 02 20 Tour Guides and Tourism Security: Modelling and Measuring for the Khuzestan Tourism Exemplary Cities Tour Guides and Tourism Security: Modelling and Measuring for the Khuzestan Tourism Exemplary Cities 86 112 14730 10.2022/hsmsp.26.4.4 FA Maryam Azadbakht phD Student of Geography and urban planning, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Mustafa Mohammadi Dah Cheshme ; assistant professor of Geography and Urban planning department; Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Mojtaba Jahanifar Assistant Professor in Educational Assessment Department of Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Journal Article Tourism is one of the most important family and urban movements. Today, tourism is remembered as an industry that is among the important concerns of urban planners in ensuring security and sustainable development. In this research, an attempt has been made to extract tourism security indicators in terms of their importance relying on the geography of Khuzestan province. The data was analyzed using the theme analysis method and structural equation modeling. The findings showed that contextual indicators such as space security, city nature and geography, vitality, and the attention level to individual and gender differences have had the greatest impact on the city's security, and in contrast to the proper design of the urban space, suitable transportation and communication, and local security along with amenities and suitable tourism provide the most important causal conditions for tourism security. Causal modeling showed that quality design and planning in urban space is the most important factor in increasing tourism security and attracting tourists. It is suggested that urban space designers and planners pay more attention to the city elements, city graphics, city accessibility, and livability in order to provide a suitable field for increasing tourism security. The quantitative and qualitative increase of recreational and tourist places along with the restoration and development of the transportation system plays a constructive role in creating tourism security. Tourism is one of the most important family and urban movements. Today, tourism is remembered as an industry that is among the important concerns of urban planners in ensuring security and sustainable development. In this research, an attempt has been made to extract tourism security indicators in terms of their importance relying on the geography of Khuzestan province. The data was analyzed using the theme analysis method and structural equation modeling. The findings showed that contextual indicators such as space security, city nature and geography, vitality, and the attention level to individual and gender differences have had the greatest impact on the city's security, and in contrast to the proper design of the urban space, suitable transportation and communication, and local security along with amenities and suitable tourism provide the most important causal conditions for tourism security. Causal modeling showed that quality design and planning in urban space is the most important factor in increasing tourism security and attracting tourists. It is suggested that urban space designers and planners pay more attention to the city elements, city graphics, city accessibility, and livability in order to provide a suitable field for increasing tourism security. The quantitative and qualitative increase of recreational and tourist places along with the restoration and development of the transportation system plays a constructive role in creating tourism security. https://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article_14730_db10579cd6a91c599220192b86e380eb.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics 1605-9689 26 4 2023 02 20 Evaluating accessibility to key land uses based on travel mode Evaluating accessibility to key land uses based on travel mode 113 138 14731 10.2022/hsmsp.26.4.5 FA Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki Department of Computer Science and Engineering, and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea Ali Rabipour Geoinformation Technology Center of Excellence, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19697, Iran Mostafa Ghodousi Geoinformation Technology Center of Excellence, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology 0000-0003-2837-5704 Journal Article Today, due to the rapid growth in population, many problems have arisen such as a lack of, and improper spatial distribution of urban services. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to evaluate accessibility in Bojnourd city by considering key land uses with different travel modes. In this research, 6 key land uses have been identified and accessibility to three modes of travel on foot, bus, and taxi have been obtained for each of the land uses using the two-stage floating catchment area (2SFCA) method. Also, based on the usage of each travel mode, their relative weight is obtained. Then, the integrated accessibility for each land uses is obtained based on three travel modes. Also, using the DANP method, the weight of each land use was obtained and the integrated accessibility map was obtained using the weighted linear combination (WLC) method. Based on the weighing results, green spaces and educational land uses have been the most important. According to the final accessibility, the central and southern parts of the city and the township located in the east of the city have favorable accessibility whereas other areas have unfavorable accessibility. Based on the results, we can conclude that vertical spatial justice has not been observed in Bojnourd city; because the neighborhoods that do not have a good social and economic level, lack good level of accessibility. Today, due to the rapid growth in population, many problems have arisen such as a lack of, and improper spatial distribution of urban services. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to evaluate accessibility in Bojnourd city by considering key land uses with different travel modes. In this research, 6 key land uses have been identified and accessibility to three modes of travel on foot, bus, and taxi have been obtained for each of the land uses using the two-stage floating catchment area (2SFCA) method. Also, based on the usage of each travel mode, their relative weight is obtained. Then, the integrated accessibility for each land uses is obtained based on three travel modes. Also, using the DANP method, the weight of each land use was obtained and the integrated accessibility map was obtained using the weighted linear combination (WLC) method. Based on the weighing results, green spaces and educational land uses have been the most important. According to the final accessibility, the central and southern parts of the city and the township located in the east of the city have favorable accessibility whereas other areas have unfavorable accessibility. Based on the results, we can conclude that vertical spatial justice has not been observed in Bojnourd city; because the neighborhoods that do not have a good social and economic level, lack good level of accessibility. https://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article_14731_d4ff76af57c1ebcc7eca3807b9a431a6.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Spatial Planning and Geomatics 1605-9689 26 4 2023 02 20 Modelling of Soil Heavy Metal contamination using Machine learning techniques and spectroscopic data Modelling of Soil Heavy Metal contamination using Machine learning techniques and spectroscopic data 139 160 14732 10.2022/hsmsp.26.4.6 FA Ali Shamsoddini Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Humanities, tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-4559-7563 Shahrbanou Esmaeili MSc., Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research branch of Tehran, Iran. Journal Article Mines and their related-industries are able to affect their surrounding environment, not only by their activities, but also after being abandoned. Among their different harmful effects, under water and surface water contaminations, and soil contamination can be mentioned. In order to manage these environmental effects, it is necessary to use reasonable methods for modelling heavy metal concentration in soil. This study aims to present a framework for modelling heavy metal soil contamination based on spectroscopy and statistical models. For this purpose, the spectral curves of the 53 soil samples, derived from an abandoned mine and its surrounding areas in New South Wales, Australia, were collected using a spectroradiometer in visible to short wavelength infrared (SWIR) wavelengths. Calculating the second derivative of the collected spectral data, random forest feature selection method (RFFS) was used to determine the most important spectral data for modelling heavy metal concentrations including lead, silver, cadmium and mercury. Then, the modelling techniques including multiple linear regression, random forest regression, and support vector regression (SVR) were applied on the selected spectral data. The results indicated that SWIR wavelengths are the most important spectral data for modelling heavy metal concentrations. Moreover, the non-linear machine learning methods, especially random forest with RMSE of 0.8 ppm and R2 of 0.51 for lead and RMSE of 9.4 ppm and R2 of 0.46 for cadmium performed better than multiple linear regression. Mines and their related-industries are able to affect their surrounding environment, not only by their activities, but also after being abandoned. Among their different harmful effects, under water and surface water contaminations, and soil contamination can be mentioned. In order to manage these environmental effects, it is necessary to use reasonable methods for modelling heavy metal concentration in soil. This study aims to present a framework for modelling heavy metal soil contamination based on spectroscopy and statistical models. For this purpose, the spectral curves of the 53 soil samples, derived from an abandoned mine and its surrounding areas in New South Wales, Australia, were collected using a spectroradiometer in visible to short wavelength infrared (SWIR) wavelengths. Calculating the second derivative of the collected spectral data, random forest feature selection method (RFFS) was used to determine the most important spectral data for modelling heavy metal concentrations including lead, silver, cadmium and mercury. Then, the modelling techniques including multiple linear regression, random forest regression, and support vector regression (SVR) were applied on the selected spectral data. The results indicated that SWIR wavelengths are the most important spectral data for modelling heavy metal concentrations. Moreover, the non-linear machine learning methods, especially random forest with RMSE of 0.8 ppm and R2 of 0.51 for lead and RMSE of 9.4 ppm and R2 of 0.46 for cadmium performed better than multiple linear regression. https://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article_14732_8f1dd6e7a88b9cf615c146330c591ba9.pdf