2024-03-29T18:19:42+04:30 http://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=1127&slc_lang=fa&sid=21
1127-25201 2024-03-29 10.1002
The Journal of Spatial Planning MJSP 1605-9689 2476-6860 2018 22 2 Developing a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) with Spatial Planning Approach in Land Suitability Analysis Morteza Omidipoor Due to the potentials and social, economic and environmental considerations land suitability analysis is the most important geographical issues in spatial planning plans. The lack of an integrated approach and the uncertainty in these problems has led the inherent conflicts associated with land suitability analysis. Currently, land suitability analysis in spatial planning plans is done without taking conflicts over land suitability during modeling.  The purpose of this study is development a spatial decision support system (SDSS) appropriate with spatial planning requirements in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad based on LUCIS model. The present study focuses on three major kinds of land uses include agriculture, natural resources and urban with an integrated vision.  The spatial model used in this research is (LUCIS). In this study, Demand and concerns of stakeholders will be operational with the development and deployment of a spatial decision support system (SDSS). In this context, multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) analysis will be used. The Result of this system is a spatial system that automatically performs land use modeling accordance with the views of decision-makers based on LUCIS model. Land use conflicts will be identified as well as in the present system.   Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) Land Suitability Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad LUCIS Spatial Planning 2018 8 01 1 22 http://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article-21-25201-en.pdf
1127-14517 2024-03-29 10.1002
The Journal of Spatial Planning MJSP 1605-9689 2476-6860 2018 22 2 Study of Satellite Side Look effect on efficient Source Parameter Identification in Zarand Feb-2005 Earthquake, Based on SAR Interferometry Mohammad Sadegh Pakdaman Zeinab Golshadi Mehdi Rezapour   The 2005 Zarand earthquake occurred on February 22 at 02:25:26, according to local time in Kerman province in Iran. The main Shock measured 6.5 on moment magnitude scale. Finding causative fault properties and parameters of this earthquake to get reliable values is priority of most researchers. Earthquake source parameters serve as a noteworthy database for synthesizers in seismology and as an essential starting point for the applied theoreticians. Determination of source parameters could make feasible a new level of understanding in many seismological studies that can be used with reported earthquake locations simultaneously to demonstrate boundaries of tectonic plates. It can provide critical information for earthquake hazard assessment and for improved understanding of the earthquake process. Moving towards exact and precise determination of source parameters is essential to reduce uncertainty at other desired stages. The primary purpose of this study is to ameliorate estimation of source parameters and computer simulations of earthquakes, examine the effect of a two sets of rupture parameters on synthesized strong ground motion via forward modelling and checking that which set parameters can be used to predict very realistic source parameters confirmed with Finite fault method. Source parameters of the 2005 Zarand earthquake have already been computed using diverse studies, including seismicity, the earth’s surface deformation field, and rupture characteristics. Each of these studies proposes different mechanisms for this earthquake. Methodology Satellite SAR data can gather different information of fault’s physical and geometric situation, because of imagery of two different geometry (ascending and descending), that this lead to optimum extraction of any causative fault parameters. InSAR has become a commonly used technique to measure surface deformation. Measurements by the SAR satellites are made obliquely below the satellite during both ascending orbits (where observations are made from the west) and descending orbits (where observations are made from the east). Two pairs of ascending and descending ENVISAT/ASAR images are available to study the coseismic deformation field of the Zarand 2005 earthquake. We can reconstruct earthquake causative fault parameters using combination of SAR observations and elastic displacement modelling (Okada, 1985). (Feigl, 2002) demonstrated the principles of obtaining earthquake causative fault parameters through elastic displacement modelling using SAR observations. Though the source parameters are assumed completely unknown, we must set, for each parameters, a range of values between a lower and upper values. In fact, the basic premise for calculating source parameters of an earthquake using SAR observations in inversion processing will be some numbers with appropriate variation ranges. Strong ground motion data provides researchers with very important information about the simulation of ground motion, rupture processes of earthquakes and consequently source parameters of an earthquake. Finite-fault modeling is widely used for the prediction of ground motion near the epicenters of large earthquakes. In the stochastic model, a large fault is divided into N subfaults, and each subfault is considered as a point source. A random slip distribution is assumed by using a random number as the basis to assign a relative slip to each subfault. Ground motions due to subfaults are calculated by the stochastic point-source method and are summed with an appropriate delay time to produce the motion due to the whole rupture. We have used the extended earthquake fault simulation program EXSIM (Motazedian & Atkinson, 2005) to simulate ground motion. The study is based on data recorded by the Iranian Strong Motion Network which is run by the Building and Housing Research Center (BHRC). The data are recorded by three-component SSA-2 accelerometers with a threshold of 10 Gals at a sampling rate of 200 samples per second. This earthquake is recorded at the Zarand, Chatrud, Ravar, Horjand, Dasht-e-Khak, Davaran, Kerman1, Kerman2, Hinaman, Baghin, Tarz, Rafsanjan, Bardsir, Sirch, Kuhbanan, Shahr-e-Babak, Bayaz, Anar, Bahadoran, Bahabad, Pariz, Bafgh, Molla Esmaeil, Nayband, Mehriz, Cheshme Sabz, Saadat Abad and Darbehesht stations. In the next step, accelerograms simulation using estimated causative fault parameters in each satellite orbit is done, using stochastic finite fault method. Then results of both ascending and descending orbit are compared to observed values in each station. Results and discussion We use the maximum values recorded in each station and obtain results of simulated satellite data to final assessment. The results are demonstrated that the lowest difference in maximum values recorded in each orbit, belong to obtained results of satellite descending orbit data modelling with 5.36% accuracy in comparison to ascending orbit with 7.51% accuracy. Finally, the width, length, strike, dip, rake, depth, slip and coordinates of center causative fault of Zarand earthquake are 6.5 km, 15 km, 279 deg, 90 deg, 55 deg, 5 km, 2.9 m, 483333.4 easting and 3406437 northing, respectively. This procedure allows us to move forward from results with less accuracy to greater one for fault parameters. Conclusion The maximum absolute value of accelerograms is used for comparing between synthetic and observed peak ground acceleration in time series. We can say that estimated causative fault parameters for 2005 Zarand earthquake of descending orbit data is more accurate in comparison to ascending orbit data. Finally, we compare our results with Building and Housing Research Centre (BHRC) of Iran, Iranian Seismological Center(IGUT), USGS, IIEES, ISC, CMT catalogue, Talebian et al. (2006), Nicknam et al. (2007), Rouhollahi et al. (2012) reports. Our obtained depth is more similar to Talebian et al. (2006) report. The length of our fault is similar to Nicknam et al. (2007), Rouhollahi et al. (2012) reports. Our width of fault is differ from other studies. Our obtained strike is exactly similar to USGS one’s. Our dip and rake is differ from other studies. Our slip for Zarand causative fault is very similar to Rouhollahi et al. (2012) one’s. Zarand Earthquake InSAR Strong Ground Motion Simulation Stochastic Finite Fault Method. 2018 8 01 23 46 http://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article-21-14517-en.pdf
1127-16781 2024-03-29 10.1002
The Journal of Spatial Planning MJSP 1605-9689 2476-6860 2018 22 2 Investigating the effects of Climate and Environmental Factors on Promoting Water Productivity in Rural Communities Ali Shakoori Edris Morsali Introduction Climate and environmental factors are considered as the most important challenges in contemporary age. Current research shows that climate and environmental changes were not very important in the past, but today due to the expansion of their obvious outcomes (such as the drying of lakes, wetlands, rivers, etc.) are regarded as one of the important variables. They affect various aspects of rural life in general and different activities of agricultural sector in particular. The effect of these changes on Iran is more intense, beacuse country has a large disparity of rural communities, dry and semi-arid geographic location with an evaporation more than 3 times the global average, about 70% of its rainfall -equal to 293 billion cubic meters – which become out of reach through evaporation along with the disparity of time and place of precipitation. Hence, it is predicted that along with the warming and desertification of the region (Middle East), climate change will increase the pressure on Iran's water resources. Therefore, the awareness of such a situation for the whole society, especially for rural communities and the agricultural sector, which is naturally the largest user of water resources in the country, is highly significant. consequently needs an adoption of strategic insights and new strategies to prevent the past and current strategic neglect regarding water resources at the national level and regional or local level, such as rural communities. Methodology  The present study is conducted using combined survey method and technique in a variety of ways such as library studies, documentary surveys of state agencies, and interview with experts, Delphi technique and a researcher-made questionnaire is utilized to analyze the information. For this purpose, software as Excel, SPSS and Smart PLS software are used. The statistical population of the research includes senior managers and senior experts in executive agencies, professors in the field of related disciplines, including professors of irrigation and agricultural schools and research institutes, as well as a number of expert farmers throughout the country. Using Cochran's formula and applying correction coefficient and taking into account the margin of error, the estimated error revealed 0.08, and the level of significance appeared α = 5%. A sample size of 180 respondents is chosen through purposeful method for data collection. In order to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, content analysis method with a comprehensive general tool approach (according to the views of 40 experts) and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.94 based on the results of a sample of 20 experts is used respectively. Result and discussion The results of the research indicate that, from the experts' point of view, the impact of climate indicators and environmental factors on promoting water productivity in rural communities is not alike. Considering the criterion of significance coefficients z, it is found that all coefficients are higher than the criterion 1.96 and therefore, all the coefficients are significant at the 95% confidence level. Given that all obtained coefficients are greater than 0.4, thus internal consistency is confirmed. By looking at the coefficients, among the 4 components identified, the component "quality of climatic and environmental factors" with the highest coefficient of 0.958 and the component "production pattern with climatic characteristics" with a coefficient of 0.883 have the least correlation with "climate and Environmental" respectively. Meanwhile, the index "Agricultural production amount (kg) to the current volume of flood in the country (cubic meter)" with the highest coefficient of 0.896 and the index "percentage of cultivar observation" with a coefficient of 0.683 have the least relation with the relevant component. Reliability and validity indices confirms internal consistency and validity of the model: Cronbach's alpha is higher than 0.8, composite reliability is about 0.9 and convergent validity is more than 0.5. Also, the result of the divergent validity analysis of the model have shown that all components are suitable for the relevant indexes. The criterion of communality values showing the quality of the measurement models is confirmed. Likewise, the fitting of the generalized structural equation model, which is 0.87, indicates the robustness of the model. Therefore, the evaluation and assessment of the criteria and structural model showed that all variables (indicators) and (hidden) components are suitable criteria for the research model and their relationship is significant and generally strong. Conclusion Regarding the results, it is observed that the "water use efficiency in water crop" index is more important in promoting rural water productivity. This suggests that the farmer can have more favorable conditions for increasing production if they have or access to water management and control. However, the same conditions are not available for use of surface water such as irrigation networks that are not equipped with volumetric instruments and are not available to rural users at the right time and right place. Therefore, given the significant impact (about 85.4%) of climate change and environmental factors on rural water resources, priority and investment to promote water productivity in rural communities to promote water productivity, as an important factor, should be considered by all strategic managers of the country at regional, and national levels. an attention should be paid to positive correlation between the components and climate indicators and environmental factors, in environmental and projection studies as well as operational planning of rural areas. Since the four indicators including "the quality of climatic and environmental factors", "proper use of precipitation" ,"reducing the consequences of natural events" and "production pattern with climatic features" are more closely related to "climate and environmental factors" respectively, and likewise the indicator "amount of agricultural production (kg) to the volume of current floods in the country (cube meter) has the highest coefficient, it is recommended that appropriate investment measures is developed to optimize the use of atmospheric rainfall and current flood events, such as water and sewerage plans and rainwater harvesting. climate change environmental change water efficiency rural communities 2018 8 01 47 73 http://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article-21-16781-en.pdf
1127-13749 2024-03-29 10.1002
The Journal of Spatial Planning MJSP 1605-9689 2476-6860 2018 22 2 Prioritizing the Needs and Expectations of Urban Tourists (Case Study, Mashhad City) Rostam Saberifar Introduction: The city of Mashhad, as one of the major tourist destinations of religious pilgrims in Iran and in the world, has experienced very worrying conditions in recent years, and not only the pilgrims entering into this city have turned into poor groups with low financial abilities, but the stay of all pilgrims, especially those who are highly financially well-off has also fallen dramatically. Although several activities have been undertaken by relevant organizations in this regard, the results have not been consistent with expectations. For this reason, it was necessary to determine what these activities were, how much they were coordinated with the existing requirements, and why the goals had not been fulfilled in the first place. In order to answer these questions and in view of the efficiency of the technique of expanding the qualitative function in extracting the needs and requirements of the product and providing customer satisfaction, the researcher in this study has tried to extract the requirements and demands of tourists entering Mashhad using this tool, after which the aim was to prioritize them and evaluate the activities carried out in the city. Accordingly, the present study is performed in order to identify and evaluate the needs and expectations of tourists in Mashhad City. Methodology: The research method is descriptive and statistical population included all tourists who have traveled to this city at least twice in the last 10 years. According to the inclusion criteria for entering the selected sample, the list of tourists entering the city of Mashhad during the study period is extracted from the police forces and the people who have at least two trips to Mashhad are identified after which their names are arranged based on the ravel time . After listing, the people with the highest number of trips to Mashhad are selected as the first members and the rest are randomly selected afterwards. The statistical sample size is estimated to be 200 participants based on Cochran formula, but it increased to more than 350 participants for more certainty, and finally 342 people entered the final analysis. Thirty specialists are involved in determining the infrastructure and facilities needed for tourism purposes. The data are collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability are confirmed. Data are analyzed using the quality function deployment technique and one-sample T-test. Analytical hierarchy analysis (AHP) is used in determining the importance of needs and requirements. Conclusion and discussion: The results show that the quality of residential centers, security, low cost and cheapness, tolls and incomes, public acceptance, introduction and promotion, cultural facilities, handicrafts, support facilities, and scope and variety of activities are respectively in the first to tenth priority of needs and the expectations of customers based on specific features. Moreover, based on the results of single-sample T-test, and in response to the first question of the study, the most important demands and needs of customers from the product can be considered as follows: reasonable and low prices of services and facilities, quality of residential centers, introduction and promotion, public acceptance, supportive facilities, tolls and incomes, security, scope and variety of activities, handicrafts, and cultural facilities. In the next step, in order to answer the second question of the study, paired comparisons are used to determine the importance of customers' needs and demands. For this purpose, after distributing the paired comparison questionnaire, the data are collected and analyzed. Accordingly, the Inconsistency Ratio (IR) is calculated for the pairwise matrix equal to less than 0.1. Therefore, considering the compatibility method of the pair comparison matrix in the AHP method, it can be said that the Inconsistency Ratio of the paired comparisons has been achieved at an acceptable level. This indicates the accuracy of the results of the initial weights obtained by the AHP method for customer requirements. In order to build a quality house, after identifying the needs of customers and in order to answer the third question, it is necessary to determine the technical characteristics proportional to each requirement. To this end, after identifying customers' needs, a team of experts is formed and their views on each requirement and its relevance to the needs and requirements of customers were obtained. Finally, by summarizing comments and several meetings, 15 related technical characteristics are presented. After determining the technical characteristics of each of the requirements, in the next stage, the position of the provided product is determined in comparison with competitors' products (Isfahan and Shiraz). After the calculations and evaluation of competitors, in order to develop and improve the needs and requirements of customers, it is decided to use the results of this section in the next steps of the work. According to these calculations, prioritizing customers' needs is placed from the first to the tenth by relative priority index (for the quality of residential centers and the range and variety of activities respectively). In order to calculate the improvement ratio which is determined by the division of the column with the title of the program into the current status column, the program's target value is first determined to meet the customer's requirements, and in order to determine the program targeting values and the answer to the fourth question, the expert group is asked to set the target values to meet customers’ requirements. Based on the views of the above group, from the needs and technical requirements related to each of needs, public participation and promotion of tourism culture are ranked in the first priority while timing of travel and distribution of passengers throughout the year were ranked in the last priority. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the quality and diversity of residential centers, the existence of primary security, and the balanced price of the basic needs of tourists are in the first to third priority, and to meet these demands and expectations, attention to public participation and promotion of tourism culture in the city, the use of modern and efficient technology in providing necessary services and facilities, as well as control and supervision in the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of services, are the most important factors. tourism quality quality function deployment technique technical features customers' needs 2018 8 01 75 93 http://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article-21-13749-en.pdf
1127-16188 2024-03-29 10.1002
The Journal of Spatial Planning MJSP 1605-9689 2476-6860 2018 22 2 Analyzing and spatial classification of daily tourism route of Tehran province based on tourism services and facilities Abolfazl Meshkini Hassan Behnammorshedi MOJTABA BARGHAMADI Introduction Tourism is one of the forces shaping today’s world. According to statistics, the largest global employment segment has been for tourism (10% of GDP). One out of every 11 jobs is a tourism related business and 29% of the services are related to this activity. In addition, according to the World Tourism Organization, the number of tourists will reach 1.8 billion by 2030. Indeed, due to its umbrella feature and socio-cultural empathy, tourism is an important tool in development of infrastructure, creating revenue for the host society and governments, and balancing regional development strategies. So development of this activity in Iran will provide good conditions for the development of it as a destination for international tourists. This is due to the existence of tourist attractions and, on the other hand, the satisfaction of them at a higher level than expected. Therefore, it can be said that providing optimal services for tourists is one of the main bases in Attraction and satisfaction of tourists.     For this purpose, the present study is conducted with the aim of analyzing and spatially leveling the tourism routes of Tehran province according to the tourism services and facilities. This study is trying to answer the question whether the spatial distribution of tourism services in the tourism areas of Tehran province is proportional to the pattern of distribution of tourist attractions of each rote, which is the interface between the tourist and the attractions? And In the case of absence of balance, problematic routes are identified and sought to eliminate or reduce them.   Research Methodology      Based on the purpose of the research, this research is appliedand according to the method and nature, is descriptive-analytic. According to the research objectives, the effective measures in tourism services are initially adapted from Farjisabokbar et al. (2014). then, according to the criteria, spatial data of the region level has been collected. Using the Fuller Hierarchy Model, the relevant criteria are weighed and then, using the ORESTE model, the corresponding rote are ranked and finally, the map of the leveling of tourism route in the province has been drawn up. It is worth to mention, all the daily public tourist routes of the province (as defined by the Cultural Heritage Organization) in accordance with the main route of the province has been Matched and selected. Therefore, this research does not have a statistical sample and its statistical society is according to the daily routes of the province's tourism, all of the main routes of the province of Tehran lead to tourist attractions.  Discussion     The purpose of this study is to measure the daily tourism of Tehran province, which is the relationship between tourists and attractions based on services and facilities. Therefore, in the first stage, criteria and research indicators are obtained, which is the most important part of the research process. It should be noted that the number of services and facilities located near each tourist route are considered. For this reason, for each route, one kilometer radius of Buffer is considered and because of better access and the need of tourists to this type of service, the number of services in this area has been identified. Also for the number of towns and villages as well as tourist attractions, Bufferis considered at a radius of 5 km;because cities and villages have the least amount of services in practice. After data collection, a matrix is formed that specifies the values of each of the indicators. The research results indicate that the tourist routes of the east and south-east of the province such as (Tehran-Khosrowabad, Pardis-Sarbandan-Firouzkooh-Saraza), (Tehran-Khosrowabad, Pardis-Sarbandan-Firouzkooh-Shahr Abad), (Tehran-Khosrowabad, Pardis-Mehrabad) are the origins of tourists entering and to the green areas of Damavand and Firoozkooh and from there to Tehran has the minimum required services for tourists. In addition, rote such as "Tehran-Rey-Varamin-Javadieh", which leads to the National Park of the Kavir considering the potential of these attractions in attracting tourists, has a minimum of facilities.  Conclusion      Tehran province has tourism attractions as well as infrastructure such as airport and strong transportation network, which has radially connected the whole country to the capital, ultimately, has somehow added to the importance of tourism in the city of Tehran. So that the vast majority of visitors and tourists on the international level are forced to visit and stay in Tehran. So, the routes providing access to these tourist attractions should have a minimum of quality services in their area. However, results indicate that most of the provinces have been deprived of this route. Routes of the northeast, east, and south east have longer distances which leads to boredom and fatigue of tourists. Hence, more attention should be paid to these routes to ensure the satisfaction of tourists. Therefore, after identifying this issue, a better management of tourists will be provided. by providing the right service, we must meet the most needs of this cortex and as well asthe routes with limitations in terms of services,and try to solve their problems. Tourism route tourism services and facilities tourism attraction spatial classification Tehran province 2018 8 01 95 132 http://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article-21-16188-en.pdf
1127-15332 2024-03-29 10.1002
The Journal of Spatial Planning MJSP 1605-9689 2476-6860 2018 22 2 The assessment of security in urban public spaces (Case Study: Tehran city parks) sarideh Alavi Ali Eshghi  Introduction Because of expansion of cities and increase in the population density, security is one of the basic human needs in urban life. In fact, feel safe in the city is one of the criteria for urban development, considered as a measure of the effectiveness in urban development programs, affects citizens' behaviors and dynamism of the city. Today is considered as one of the important indicator in the quality of urban life and will increase the comfort and welfare of citizens and accept the work, commitment and responsibility. In fact, since one of the most important criteria and factor in discussions related to social aspects of sustainable development is to encourage citizens to participate in urban spaces and to strengthen social interactions in these areas, it is necessary to identify and eliminate barriers to such presence. Security promotion methods have become one of the main priorities of urban professionals and theorists. Factors that eliminate urban security, threaten or reduce the security of the cities are many, and some urban spaces, especially public spaces, such as parks, are one of the main threats to urban security. These spaces are usually considered to be cozy and safe spaces for illegal and abusive activities. Therefore, leisure life is among the most important spheres of people's lives influenced by the feeling of security. Parks, as one of the most important urban uses, play a major role in the realization of leisure and recreational activities for citizens living in urban areas, and are visited by many people daily.    Methodology The method of this research is descriptive-analytic with a purposeful purpose. To evaluate the safety of the parks 24 indicators are used. The required data of the research are derived from the performance statistics and arrest of the Tehran Municipality Protection Unit at parks level, published in the statistical journal of Tehran. In order to determine the importance of each of the indicators, the network analysis model (ANP) and for analyzing the data, the Promethean model and the GIS software are used. In the first stage, after analyzing the data, parks are classified into five groups with high, moderate, low, very low security and lack of security. The output from this step is mapped in the GIS software environment. The second stage involves identifying the disruptive factors of security and distribution of factors in the level of parks in Tehran. In the final stage, using the Google Earth software, the position of the studied parks is determined and spotted on the map of Tehran. After creating the layer, the information is added to the layer descriptive information table. After preparing the layer using the interpolation model, estimates of the kernel density of the areas where the most insecurity factors occurred are identified and their distribution is identified on the map.    Results and discussion 24 indicators have been used to assess the security of parks in Tehran. The total safety margin in 2014 at 41 of the studied parks is 17883. The most common cause of insecurity is related to the issuance of a bill for communicating social security offenses with 11678 cases, arrests of addict 1490, the arrest of alcoholic beverages 984, seizure of motorcycles 787, rejection of bribes 771, seizure of vehicles 760, arresting conflicts 397, perpetrators of monkery crimes 269, arresting artillery and firearms 126, arresting the burglar with 114 Case and other factors are 498 cases. Except for the issuance of social security vehicle social security offenses, respectively, the factors mentioned above are 24, 16, 13, 13, 12, 8, 6, 4, 2, and 2 percent of the insecurity factors in the park. Conclusion According to the results of the studies carried out in the study based on the crimes that occurred in 2014 in 41 parks with regional performance in Tehran, Sahand, al-Ghadir, Sa'adat Abad, Misagh, Shafagh and 22 Bahman parks with a value of Phi between 300/0 to 600 / 0 with high security, Artists, Niavaran, Thesis, Meyad, Flight, Bahman, Shariati, Jamshidieh, Saee, Razi, Narges, Fadak, Basij, Darband, Ghaem, Koohsar, Knowledge, Mahdi and Darabad with a Phi value of 0 to 300/0 with Medium Security, Bahiar, Behsat, Mellat, Park City, Derek, Resort, Tulip, Persian Gulf and Nahjul Balaghah with values of Phi between 0 and 300/0-lower, Azadgan, Student, Provincial and police with Phi values between -0.300 and -0.600- Very low security And Lovazan, Chitgar, Sorkha Hessar, , are unprotected with a value of Phi of over 600/0. Sahand Park with the value of Phi is equal to 416/0 and Sorkheh Hesar Park with a value of Phi is 728/0. Sahand Park has the least amount of addict arrest, the arrest of Kharv and alcoholic beverages, the arrest of conflict and conflict, the arrest of social misconduct and fraud, and the rejection of bribes and acts of punishment. In front of Sorkheh Hesar Park, it has the most deplorable arrest, arresting a force mausoleum, suspecting a force majeur, arresting thugs, arresting CDs illegal sale. In the sequel, the GIS is used to show the most insecure areas, used to interpolate the kernel density. A map of the density of the entire crime occurred in the park. The results of the interpolation of the kernel density indicate that the parks in central parts of Tehran have moderate security the northern and southern parts have high security and parts of East and West of Tehran are unprotected. Also, according to the directional distribution map, the distribution side is the most insecure factors in the parks of Tehran in the east and west of Tehran. Security Park Tehran V PROMETHEE Kornel Density. 2018 8 01 133 165 http://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article-21-15332-en.pdf
1127-16259 2024-03-29 10.1002
The Journal of Spatial Planning MJSP 1605-9689 2476-6860 2018 22 2 Analysis of the Communications Capacity of the Responsible Organizations for Coastal Tourism Destinations Case Study: Rural Destinations of Guilan Province Abdolreza Roknedin eftekhari yaser ramezan nezhad Introduction The origins of tourism in coastal areas go back to Roman times, when the first villas were constructed in the Southern part of the Apennine peninsula. In the centuries that followed, especially from the mid-18th century onwards, coastal tourism was generally related to the therapeutic properties of sea and sun. Sun, sea and sand have continued to provide the main ingredients for coastal tourism until today, especially in the second half of the 20th century, which was marked by the development of mass tourism (UNEP, 2009: 10). Coastal tourism is the sum of activities relating to the travel and stay over by people visiting the coastal zone. Tourist activities are considered coastal tourism activities when they are based on or utilize coastal or marine resources, either natural or manmade, or located within the coastal strip (TCMP, 2001:5). Tourism represents a cross-sectional occurrence, involving a wide range of involved parties (stakeholders) from almost every domain who have different and often contradictory interests and agendas. The decisions about tourism development should be balanced between the national and the local needs, the private sector and the state, the local communities, the communities of citizens, between the tourists and the mass media etc (Risteski et al, 2012: 376). Capacity is defined as the organizational and technical abilities, relationships and values that enable countries, organizations, groups, and individuals at any level of society to carry out functions and achieve their development objectives over time. Capacity refers not only to skills and knowledge but also to relationships, values and attitudes, and many others (emphasis added) (adapted from Morgan, 1998). Capacity has to do with collective ability, i.e. that combination of attributes that enables a system to perform, deliver value, establish relationships and to renew itself. Or put another way, the abilities that allow systems - individuals, groups, organizations, groups of organizations - to be able to do something with some sort of intention and with some sort of effectiveness and at some sort of scale over time. A focus on abilities or as we call them in this paper - capabilities - can help provide more operational and specific ways to deal with the broader concept of capacity (Morgan, 2006: 6). Gilan Province has about 300 km of beautiful coasts. Although the coasts of Guilan have beautiful perspectives and many tourists every year, but coastal tourism of Guilan has different problems in development process. Rural coastal tourism destinations have several problems such as; financial difficulties, lack of infrastructure and facilities, lack of lifeguards and also environmental problems. The aim of this study is Analysis of the communications capacity of the responsible organizations for coastal tourism destinations.     Methodology Communications in this study in terms of communication intra-organizational, inter­-organizational, private investors, NGOs, tourists and villagers is measured through questionnaires. One-sample t-test and ANOVA are used to analyze the data. The sample size is 22 people, including managers and experts of responsible organizations of coastal tourism destinations. The studied area is Guilan province. Its area is about 0.9 percent of the country's total area. Guilan province shares borders with Ardabil on the west, Mazandaran on the east, Zanjan on the south and the Caspian Sea.   Results and discussion There is a significant difference between the mean dimensions of communication capacity based on the coefficient F, which is 23.662 and its significance level (sig) is 0.000. Based on the results of the Tukey test, communications capacity is divided into three homogeneous subgroups. The first group consists of communication with NGOs, villagers and private sector investors, and their significance level is more than 0.05. The second group consists of inter-organizational communication and communication with the tourists, and in the third group, there is an intra-organizational communication, indicating that the average of intra-organizational communication is higher than other communications. The highest mean of communication is related to Gisom with (1.72) and the lowest mean is related to Darogarmahale whit (1.32). The mean of communications capacity of the responsible organizations is equal to (1. 51), which indicates communications capacity in organizations is low.   Conclusions If sustainable development is viewed to be a process rather than a goal, with a need for inter-organizational cooperation, it becomes critical to deal with the challenges presented by the need to integrate policy making and implementation. The concept of integration in the context of policy development and implementation refers to its operational integration within and between organizations, between various professions and interest groups, and with other stakeholders (Heslop, 2010: 6). It is commonly accepted that no one organization can be responsible for progressing sustainable development. Sustainable development requires, amongst other things, the capacity for collective action (Healey et al., 2002) as the impacts cross disciplinary, organizational, sectorial, geographical and even country boundaries (Lafferty, 2004). The results of this study indicate low communication capacity in the responsible organizations and the result is low development of coastal tourism destinations in Guilan province. In this regard, the organization needs communication to progressing organizational goals and success to achieve their. Because there are various organizations involved in the development of coastal tourism, if there is a communication capacity, these organizations can work for the coastal tourism development with each other also with other stakeholders, including tourists, private sector investors, the private sector and local communities, in order to better development of these destinations. Organization Communications Capacity Coastal Tourism Village Guilan. 2018 8 01 167 187 http://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article-21-16259-en.pdf