1 1605-9689 Tarbiat Modares University 10074 Extraction of Pure Pixels Using the Feature Space Based on Physical Parameters in Order to Obtain Sub-pixel Land Cover Information Jannati M. Niroumand Jadidi M. Valadan Zoej M.J Mohammad Zadeh A 1 1 2014 17 4 1 20 05 03 2012 12 05 2012 Accurate estimate of the land cover is of particular importance in environmental management and planning. Different methods have so far been developed for the classification of satellite imagery. Regarding the weakness of the hard classifiers in the presence of the mixed pixels, soft classification methods have been designed to estimate the fractions of different classes within mixed pixels. Linear spectral mixture model could be considered as the most popular method of soft classification. The accuracy of this model is extremely depended on the quality of the input pure pixels. The extraction of these pixels is often hard and challengeable. In this paper, making use of physical parameters (brightness, wetness, and greenness) is proposed for extraction of pure pixels. The evaluation criteria of unconstrained linear spectral mixture model were used assess the quality of pure pixels extracted from the proposed method. By Implementing of this model on the satellite image of the study area, the total number of under-shoot and over-shoot pixels was determined as 4.43 percent of the total image pixels. Also RMSE equaled to 2.68. Consequently, the proposed method demonstrated promising accuracy in the results of the linear spectral mixture model without considering any constraint.    
4139 Landslide Susceptibility Mapping using classification rule discovery by ant colony optimization and GIS 1 1 2014 17 4 21 42 31 03 2013 09 10 2013 Abstract Landslide susceptibility mapping is a fundamental tool for disaster management. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the landslide susceptibility mapping using classification rule discovery (CRD) by ant colony optimization (ACO). This modeling approach was applied for Landslide susceptibility assessment in Javanroud county of Kermanshah province. For this purpose, thematic layers including slope, distance to faults, distance to stream, rainfall, land use, and soil texture were used. This study utilizes the one-at-a-time (OAT) approach as the sensitivity analysis method to determine the dependency of model outcomes on input parameters. Then, the performance of the proposed algorithm was validated by comparing it with C5 decision tree algorithm which is a well-known classification rule discovery method. To assess the accuracy of the resulting landslide susceptibility map, it was evaluated by the distribution of the observed landslides. The resulting map shows that the predictive power of the model is very high. Overall, about 20% of the study area falls in susceptible and very susceptible classes and most of the previous landslides (81.25%) occur in the same classes. The results of this study indicated that the model can be effectively used in preparation of landslide susceptibility maps. Keywords: ant colony optimization, classification rule discovery, landslide susceptibility, Javanroud, GIS. 5414 Processing the Concept of "Territory" in Terms of Political Geography 1 1 2014 17 4 43 62 21 05 2013 25 08 2013 Territory and territoriality are the philosophical foundation of politicalgeography. Territory as the spatial objective arising from the ownership's natural right and desire to survive has directed the human's territoriality behavior such that interpretation of human's action and behavior has been largely a function of his territoriality character. Many of the concepts and themes of political geography Are defined and operationalized consciously or unconsciously in connection with such features. Expansion of territory is not necessarily sequent of the political boundaries; rather it varies according to the scope of awareness, activism, decision-making and the role of humans and human groups. The data Collection was done by Library method. Theresearch results indicated that at least from 1970 onwards, with the globalization of technology and democracy, the mental and content aspects of human activism have gotten more importance in invisible dimensions but space making will represent more aspects of territory in the future.     4490 Zoning of Gully Erosion in Catchment of Dyreh by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) entezari mojgan j maleki amgad k Moradi Khadijeh j university of Isfahan k university of razi 1 1 2014 17 4 63 86 19 11 2012 27 07 2013 Gully erosion can be considered as one of the advanced and critical forms of water erosion causing the destructors of the large amount of the earth. Identifying the factors that have an important impact in the occurrence of this type of erosion and its zoning can also be considered as one of the essential and important tools for managing and controlling this phenomenon. This study has been carried out with the purpose of identifying the factors affecting on the creation of gully erosion and the stimulation of the possibility of its occurrence in Dyreh catchment. The most effective factors in gully creation are: slope, slope direction, horizontal and vertical curvature of the slope, lithology, distance from waterway, and distance from the road. The land was selected and then these layers were created in GIS. Therefore, in the creation of gully erosion, they were classified based on preferences in order to have a paired comparison in the matrix table. Finally, the act of weighting the functions and overlapping of the layers were done by Arc GIS software and according to the resulting coefficients' hazard zonation map obtained in 6 layers: without risk, very low risk, low risk, medium risk, high risk, and too high risk. The final coefficient of numerical value was defined using the numbers obtained by multiplying the weight of each criterion in the index anywhere between zero and 100. In which the more tendency to 100 indicates as high risk of landslide’s, and the coefficients close to zero indicate that there is less risk and that its occurrence is without danger. The results further showed that %36 of Dyreh basin faces high risk, and too high risk causing the displacement of large volume of soil.     9448 Analysis of Space and State Concepts in State and Urbanization Theory of Iran 1 1 2014 17 4 87 110 15 05 2013 30 09 2013 The aim of this research is to analyse the explanatory strong of state and urbanization theory of Iran in terms of space and state concepts. The method of research is analytical one and papers and dissertations written during 1994-2013 are examined as date of research. Analysis of state shows that state and urbanization theory of Iran tends to homogenize different space only because of state sovereignty over space. This preposition impacts urbanization process in different aspects as following: 1) the nature and path of urban development in different cities by different size are considered being identical incorrectly; 2) state has urban nature and city has state nature, consequently the local, regional and global aspects of state is neglected; 3) the influences of global forces in development of big cities are considerably overlooked; 4) natural hinterlands of cities don’t has any place in this theory; 5) state has same important role not only in establishing but also in developing of cities in this theory; 6) and finally, role of private sector will be highlighted by shifting our scale of analysis from national to regional which is not considered in the theory which should be examined in coming studies around state role in urbanization process. 11923 Evaluation of Local Traditional Games in Rural DevelopmentCase Study: Miyankale District City Behshahr 1 1 2014 17 4 111 128 09 08 2013 03 11 2013 Today’s,more games,entertainmentsand sports are displayed significantly in industrial and modern world so that original fields are rooted in the history our beliefs, culture and ancestors. Need to play and activity isglobal andpublicand theboundariesof age, sex, social situation, economic and geography base break downinvillagesandcities. Everynationhasits ownplay and entertainmentandall peoplelovetoworkalongsidetheirsubsistence activitiesandobliged which is rooted in their demand .Role and position of villages in political , social and economical process of development in region local scale, international and such aswidespread poverty,inequalityandunderdevelopmentin ruralareas,thefastpopulationgrowth process, unemployment, migration, poor people and etc.the rural areas of undeveloped such as fast population growth, widespread poverty, inequality process, unemployment, migration, down town living is causing attention torural  area and  it’s priority on urban area. Exerciseand native play are importantrolesinrural areas structure. Thisapproach haseffectively role on physical health, identityandsocialinteractionopportunities forrural residents. The aim of study is evaluation of native games position inrural areas.The range of the study is 10 villages of Miankaleh rural district villages in Behshsahr city and researchmethod is survey and analytical - descriptive. Data collection is designed field and document through questionnaire inLikert scale. Research question is then analyzed by (SPSS) software. The research result  showed that according to comparison  the average of  assessment items in every sample size scales, it can be deducted  that total status quo component mean were lower than average and these  changes  weren’t significant; it seems that native games there is no Specific position in study villages levels, also, by utilizing (TOPSIS) method in native games ranking,according to calculated weight in every scale, games such as Haftsang,Tilehbazi and GHayembashi have the most position and Gerdubazi,sangsangro ,also have the lower position between peasants     11724 Explanantion of Communication and Informatnion Model for Extension of Theocentrism Organic Farming Fatemi Mahsa shahvali mansour Shiraz University 1 1 2014 17 4 129 156 15 05 2013 30 09 2013 Public concern about food quality, human health and natural resources safe have been the most conerns during last decades and around the world. For this reason, focusing on organic farming has increased dramatically. But wisdom is messed in this information era, because current communication and information systems are designed on merely scientific approach. Theocentrism is suggested as an alternative to explain how to compare organic farming principles with theocentrism to produce Geen Products and to develop appropriate communication and information system for it. This system is developed by reviewing the related literature and archival research. Public concern about food quality, human health and natural resources safe have been the most conerns during last decades and around the world. For this reason, focusing on organic farming has increased dramatically. But wisdom is messed in this information era, because current communication and information systems are designed on merely scientific approach. Theocentrism is suggested as an alternative to explain how to compare organic farming principles with theocentrism to produce Geen Products and to develop appropriate communication and information system for it. This system is developed by reviewing the related literature and archival research. This system is developed by reviewing the related literature and archival research.