Tarbiat Modares University
The Journal of Spatial Planning
1605-9689
10
2
2006
7
1
The solutions of the rural tourism development with SWOT Methods
(Case study: Lavasan-E-Koochak
1
31
FA
Abdolreza
Roknaddin Eftekhari
Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
Davood
Mahdavi
Master of Geography and rural planning
Tarbit modares University(T.M.U
Abstract
In recent years, tourism and economic tourism is changing to main parameters of world trade economic. The policy makers and planners of development one taking into consideration the tourism industry as main parameters of sustainable development. In this direction, the rural tourism is accounting as part of tourism industry, could make effective rule in development of regions, and national development and could make national economic diversity.
Since the question is that what’s the potentials and limitation in rural tourism development? And what are the strategies and solutions that cause tourism development which answer rural development and national development? Therefore this article gives up the strategies and solutions in rural development by means at survey method, field work and specification of strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats in rural areas of Lvasan-E-Koochak. in fact recognition of potentials and limitation in rural tourism and giving new methods in solution of the problems in this area by means of the main goals of this study the SWOT strategic model experience shows critical threshold in the rural region is high when thy be touristy and this shows importance of research and showing suitable policy in the way of solving limitation and use of exist comparative advantage.
Tarbiat Modares University
The Journal of Spatial Planning
1605-9689
10
2
2006
7
1
Using Edge Density Information in
Classification of Rural-Urban
Region from Remotely-Sensed Data
1
31
FA
Zahra
samadi
Ph.D. Student of Climatology and M.Sc. in Remore sensing , Tehran University , zsamadi@ut.ac.ir
Abbas
Alimohammadi
Assistant Professor of Remote Sensing and GIS , Department of GIS , Faculty of Geomatic Engineering , Khage nasir University, alimoh-abb@ yahoo.com
Operation manner in most of the conventional classification algorithms in remote sensing is based on pixels spectral information.Classification of these data ignore information obtained from adjacent pixels. In additional to with increasing of spatial resolution in satellites , increase harmful information( noise) and spectral similarity between classes , consequently increase internal variance of classes and finally decrease classification accuracy. To remove or decrease this problems , the proper incorporation and use of spectral and contextual information can efficiently help distinguish land-uses which are similar spectrally.
In this study, effectiveness of incorporating structural information with classification procedures have been investigated. The technique is based on the use of edge-density information generated from the classified data. “ Maximum Likelihood ”(ML) , “ Minimum Distance to Means ”(MD) and “ Mahalanobis ” classification procedures have been used to classify data together with the edge-density information as an additional band.
The performance of using edge-density data has been evaluated using the data of SPOT-XS and aerial photographs of the Anzali Wetlands ( Anzali Talab ) located in Gilan province north of Iran. This region is very heterogeneous. Results show that use of the structural information leads to increases in accuracy of some classes particularly those with low spectral separabilities. Mahalanobis classifier using spatial and spectral information in rural-urban ( 74.60) and river and channel ( 66.87) classes show 14.06 and 6.57 percent increases respectively in accuracies as compared to the spectral classification of satellite data. Application of this approach also in aerial photographs for patches of trees , river , agricultural and residential classes show 11.78 , 36.61 , 28.09 and 53.29 percent increases in accuracies respectively.
Result show that considering the complex environmental conditions of the study site, the proper incorporation and use of spectral and spatial information can result in more efficient discrimination of some spectrally similar classes. The information of edge-density seems to be more promising in high resolution imagery and heterogeneous classes such as urban features.
Tarbiat Modares University
The Journal of Spatial Planning
1605-9689
10
2
2006
7
1
The role of drainage density ,relative relief on the occurrence of valley,s landslides in semi arid mountain
Case study:NW slope of Sabalan Mt.
61
103
FA
Maryam
Bayati Khatibi
Assistant Professor Geographical Research Grupe of Tabriz University
The semi arid mountain ,due to climatical ,hydrological and topographical properties ,represents vulnerable base for the occurrence of landslides.The deep stream bed and streamflow in long beds ,main triggering factors materials wall of valleys to slides events.In study region ,as a semi arid region ,was occurred many landslides ,because these landslides events changing the hydrological properties of valleys and amount of load sediment.In this study ,by using of geological and topographical maps ,sampling of soil and field work ,analysied the valleys landslides.The result of this study show that, all of failures and landslides are related to rate of drainge density ,specials depended to drainage density of deep beds , related to rate the changing of ratio of Ds/Dd ,also related to changing R .When increases the rate of slope angle ,then increases probably of the landslides occurrence on unconsolidated materials .
Tarbiat Modares University
The Journal of Spatial Planning
1605-9689
10
2
2006
7
1
Investigation and analyzing on the stream erosion ,by documenting with geomorphological evidence and using with classical and quantitative methods Case study:Garangoo Chay basin(eastern slopes of Sahand Mt.E.Azarbaijan,Iran)
83
103
FA
Maryam
Bayati Khatibi
Assistant professor, Department of Geographical research
group ,Tabriz University
Fariba
Karami
Assistant professor, Department of Geographical research group ,Tabriz University.t
Davood
Mokhtary
Assistant professor, Department of Geographical research group ,Tabriz University.t
Stream erosion is one of important cause for the increase amount of sediment .Countless factors plays important role as a single or in set,when acts as erosion's factors on stream beds or on slopes and delivers materials in streamflow.Aggradation and degradation landforms and changing shape of longitudinal profiles of rivers at time,are evidences of these operation.The shape of longitudinal profiles gives important information about processes .By use of the regression analyses ,explained and interpreting of shape of longitudinal profiles and to compare many rivers with each other is possible.Evolution valleys defines rate of erosion at bed of rivers or basin.In this articles ,analyses erosion at longitudinal profiles of rivers concern to valleys and basin and area zonation with many type of erosion in study area .The results of this study show that,Garangoo basin settles in mature stage and medium erosionis prevail.
Tarbiat Modares University
The Journal of Spatial Planning
1605-9689
10
2
2006
7
1
Hirmand Hydropolitic and its Effect on the Political Relations of Iran and Afghanistan
83
103
FA
Dr. Mohammad Reza
Hafeznia
. of Political Geography,
Tarbiat Modares University
Pirouz
Mojtahedzadeh
, Prof. of Political geography,
Tarbiat Modares University
Jafar
Alizadeh
, M.A. in Political Geography
Hirmand River is originated from Afghanistan and the people's life in Sistan is depended on it. The increasing and reduction of Hirmand water flowing toward Sistan (Iran) from one hundred years ago have already caused problems in political relation between Iran and Afghanistan in local and national levels.
This research wants to find the increasing and reduction reasons of Hirmand water toward Sistan and effect of it on political relationship between Iran and Afghanistan .Drought and reduction of flowing water from Afghanistan have caused reduction in water flowing toward Sistan and also caused water crises in this area. However , over past one hundred years the Afghanis separated various canals from Hirmand and built many dams over it , have consumed a large amount of water and also the rate of flowing water toward Sistan has reduced ..
Tarbiat Modares University
The Journal of Spatial Planning
1605-9689
10
2
2006
7
1
Using of Geographic Information System in estimating of soil erosion and sediment production on Nojian watershed )Southeast of Khorramabad city)
103
123
FA
M
Davari
Soil Science Department, Tarbiat Modarres University, Jalale Ale Ahmad Ave.
Tehran
H, A
Bahrami,
Soil Science Department, Tarbiat Modarres University, Jalale Ale Ahmad Ave.Tehran
J.
Ghoddousi,
Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Center.
,N.
Tahmasebi pour
Watershed Management Department, Lorestan University.
Abstract
Soil erosion is one of the most important factors causing decline of soil fertility, siltation of different kinds of waterways, reduction of reservoir capacity, increase in destructive risk of flooding and other environmental degradations. In order to mitigate the negative effects of soil erosion and sediment production in watersheds, determining amount and source of sediment is imperative. Since most of Iran’s watersheds are ungauged, use of erosion and sediment estimation models are needed. But for selection of applicable model the models first have to be tested and/or evaluated. In order to achieve to this goal, a research study was carried out to evaluate MPSIAC model in GIS environment based on the observed data of sediment of the Nojian sub-watershed located in southeast of Khorram Abad city in the Lorestan province-Iran. In so doing, to run the selected model after introducing the information layers into the GIS program and combining the layers in MPSIAC model, the given catchments were divided into 527 homogenous units. Then, erosion rate and sediment yield were estimated in these homogenous units. The amount of estimated sediment yield by using MPSIAC model was 489372.2 T/y. For comparison of the model results, the amount of measured sediment in hydrometric station was considered as the control level, which was 812410 T/y. The outcome of the research showed that estimating sediment by using MPSIAC model in comparison to measured sediment was 0.602. The results of the assessment on observed differences show that calibration of the empirical models is needed first to resolve the limitation of the models in correspondence to the existing condition of the watersheds. It can be concluded that in order to accept or reject the result of the sediment yield estimation using the MPSIAC model with high confidence, the model first should be calibrated based on the existing condition of the Iran’s watershed.
Tarbiat Modares University
The Journal of Spatial Planning
1605-9689
10
2
2006
7
1
Fuzzy logic Application to Chang the status of a settlement from rural to urban: Case study, Tehran province
139
159
FA
Ali
goli
Assistant professor of Social Science department, Shiraz University, Iran
Ali
asgary
Assistant professor of Applied Disaster and Emergency Studies department, Brandon University, Canada
Abstract
In current settlement planning settlements are either rural or urban. In reality human settlements are more diverse than this dichotomy and current definitions of rural and urban settlements are not comprehensive from political, administrative and scientific points of view and show lack of attention to various factors that shape human settlements and their status. In other words changing the status of a settlement based on public demand might not change the real status of a settlement.
Application of models based on fuzzy logic as a relative approach in identification and classification of human settlements provides a better and more diverse framework for human settlement grouping based on various social, environmental and economic factors. Changing the status of a settlement from rural to urban without considering the role of such factors will not only increase the public expenditures, but also will increase public expectations and demand for inefficient services. Identification of those rural settlements with higher membership degree to urban settlements will help planners and policy makers to make better decisions when trying to accept or reject the status of a settlement.
The main aim of this study is to assess the use fuzzy logic to identify rural settlements that are suitable for getting the city status. Rural settlement in Tehran province, Iran, has been selected as case study.
Tarbiat Modares University
The Journal of Spatial Planning
1605-9689
10
2
2006
7
1
Estimation of Return Periods and Confidence Intervals
of the Effective Rainfall For Rice Cultivation
in the Mazandaran Plain
159
183
FA
Dr. Firouz
Mojarrad
Assistant Professor of Geography , Razi University, kermanshah
Sheida
Nasiri
, M.Sc. in Geography , Razi University , Kermanshah
ABSTRACT
The effective rainfall amounts (ER) as a part of the irrigation requirement were estimated for the premature and serotinous varieties of rice in the Mazandaran Plain , using different methods. Finally the “Dependable Rain” method were selected for the estimation.Comparison of the maps, reveals that the ER amounts are more in the western part of the plain than the eastern part ; Consequently , the net irrigation requirement is low in the western part. Because knowing the minimum and maximum values of the ER with specific confidence, helps the planners in different decisions, the ER amounts were estimated at 90 , 95 and 99 percent confidence intervals. The related maps show that the confidence for ER amounts is low for both premature and serotinous varieties in the eastern part; Meanwhile the ER amounts are almost 50 milimeters more for serotinous variety than premature variety at different confidence intervals in the whole region. Also, The maps of return periods, show that the ER amounts are higher in the western and central parts than the eastern part and that the accessibility of ER, varies from lower than 80 to more than 420 milimeters in the growing season in terms of various return periods and different parts of the region.